Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample and factors associated with probable PTSD in the global sample according to multivariate logistic regression analysis.
| Global sample N = 22,883 | No probable PTSD N = 18,427 | Probable PTSD N = 4456 | Adjusted OR [CI 95%] | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Age, m (sd)a | 20.9 | (4.1) | 20.8 | (4.1) | 21.2 | (4.0) | 0.98 | [0.98–0.99] | 0.003 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||
| Male | 5906 | (25.8) | 4981 | (27.0) | 925 | (20.8) | 1 | [ref] | |
| Female | 16,640 | (72.7) | 13,232 | (71.8) | 3408 | (76.5) | 1.32 | [1.21–1.45] | <0.001 |
| Others | 337 | (1.5) | 214 | (1.2) | 123 | (2.8) | 1.76 | [1.35–2.31] | <0.001 |
| Clinical information | |||||||||
| Psychiatric history, n (%) | 2417 | (10.6) | 1467 | (8.0) | 950 | (21.3) | 2.26 | [2.05–2.51] | <0.001 |
| Exposure to another traumatic event, n (%) | 3221 | (14.1) | 1745 | (9.5) | 1476 | (33.1) | 3.37 | [3.08–3.67] | <0.001 |
| Social support | |||||||||
| Living alone, n (%) | 2646 | (11.6) | 1908 | (10.4) | 738 | (16.6) | 1.22 | [1.09–1.37] | <0.001 |
| Foreign student, n (%) | 1365 | (6.0) | 898 | (4.9) | 467 | (10.5) | 1.70 | [1.48–1.95] | <0.001 |
| Quality of social ties, n (%) | |||||||||
| High (7–10) | 9706 | (42.4) | 8474 | (46.0) | 1232 | (27.6) | 1 | [ref] | |
| Medium (4–6) | 8894 | (38.9) | 7126 | (38.7) | 1768 | (39.7) | 1.42 | [1.30–1.55] | <0.001 |
| Low (0–3) | 4283 | (18.7) | 2827 | (15.3) | 1456 | (32.7) | 2.38 | [2.15–2.62] | <0.001 |
| Feeling integrated, n (%) | |||||||||
| High (7–10) | 14,310 | (62.5) | 12,232 | (66.4) | 2078 | (46.6) | 1 | [ref] | |
| Medium (4–6) | 6872 | (30.0) | 5136 | (27.9) | 1736 | (39.0) | 1.56 | [1.44–1.69] | <0.001 |
| Low (0–3) | 1701 | (7.4) | 1059 | (5.7) | 642 | (14.4) | 2.21 | [1.95–2.51] | <0.001 |
| Socio-economic factors | |||||||||
| Loss of income, n (%) | 4184 | (18.3) | 3090 | (16.8) | 1094 | (24.6) | 1.20 | [1.09–1.31] | <0.001 |
| Housing quality, n (%) | |||||||||
| High (7–10) | 19,229 | (84.0) | 16,052 | (87.1) | 3177 | (71.3) | 1 | [ref] | |
| Medium (4–6) | 2921 | (12.8) | 1961 | (10.6) | 960 | (21.5) | 1.60 | [1.45–1.76] | <0.001 |
| Low (0–3) | 733 | (3.2) | 414 | (2.2) | 319 | (7.2) | 1.90 | [1.59–2.26] | <0.001 |
| Quality of information received, n (%) | |||||||||
| High (7–10) | 8375 | (36.6) | 7082 | (38.4) | 1293 | (29.0) | 1 | [ref] | |
| Medium (4–6) | 10,586 | (46.3) | 8444 | (45.8) | 2142 | (48.1) | 1.26 | [1.15–1.37] | <0.001 |
| Low (0–3) | 3922 | (17.1) | 2901 | (15.7) | 1021 | (22.9) | 1.50 | [1.35–1.66] | <0.001 |
| Exposure score, n (%) | |||||||||
| 0 | 6386 | (27.9) | 5698 | (30.9) | 688 | (15.4) | 1 | [ref] | |
| 1 | 7159 | (31.3) | 6053 | (32.8) | 1106 | (24.8) | 1.38 | [1.24–1.54] | <0.001 |
| 2 | 5057 | (22.1) | 3951 | (21.4) | 1106 | (24.8) | 2.02 | [1.81–2.26] | <0.001 |
| 3 | 2757 | (12.0) | 1911 | (10.4) | 846 | (19.0) | 3.07 | [2.71–3.47] | <0.001 |
| 4 | 1117 | (4.9) | 626 | (3.4) | 491 | (11.0) | 4.62 | [3.95–5.41] | <0.001 |
| 5 | 330 | (1.4) | 158 | (0.8) | 172 | (3.8) | 6.87 | [5.32–8.87] | <0.001 |
| 6 | 69 | (0.3) | 28 | (0.1) | 41 | (0.9) | 8.17 | [4.79–14.06] | <0.001 |
| 7 | 8 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.0) | 6 | (0.1) | 10.82 | [2.33–76.57] | 0.005 |
a m (sd) mean (standard deviation).