. 2021 Apr 27;4(5):4428–4443. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00024

Table 1. Precursor–Solvent Combinations, Flame Parameters for the Synthesis of Pure and AlPO₄/LiMn₂O₄ Cathode Materials.

	precursor–solvent combinations and flame parameters during particle synthesis
	*metal concentration (L/mol)
sample	Mn	Li	Al	liquid flow (mL/min)	dispersant O₂ flow (L/min)	premixed gas flow (CH₄ + O₂) L/min	abbreviation
Single Flame
LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0	3	7	1.5 + 3.2	LMO (37)
LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0	5	5	1.5 + 3.2	LMO (55)
LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0	7	3	1.5 + 3.2	LMO (73)
Double Flame
1% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0.002	7	3	1.5 + 3.2	1P-LMO
2% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0.004	7	3	1.5 + 3.2	2P-LMO
3% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0.006	7	3	1.5 + 3.2	3P-LMO
4% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0.008	7	3	1.5 + 3.2	4P-LMO
5% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0.011	7	3	1.5 + 3.2	5P-LMO
5% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄	0.274	0.137	0.011	3	7	1.5 + 3.2	5P-LMO (37)

	physicochemical properties of particles obtained via FSP
	physicochemical properties of particles			Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns			cubic cell parameters (Å)
sample	SSA (m²g^–1)	d_BET (nm)	d_XRD (nm)	R_p	R_wp	GOF	a = b = c (Å)
Single Flame
LiMn₂O₄ [LMO (37)]	175.6	8.0	3.6	1.10	1.40	1.76	8.21062
LiMn₂O₄ [LMO (55)]	150.1	9.3	6.7	1.23	1.56	2.19	8.22103
LiMn₂O₄ [LMO (73)]	78.6	17.8	12.9	1.15	1.50	2.08	8.22603
AlPO₄	85.1	27.4
Double Flame
1% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄ [1P-LMO]	79.1	17.8	14.0	1.31	1.64	1.27	8.23815
2% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄ [2P-LMO]	74.2	19.0	13.0	1.35	1.69	1.36	8.23923
3% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄ [3P-LMO]	67.5	21.0	12.7	1.31	1.64	1.27	8.23920
4% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄ [4P-LMO]	72.9	19.5	12.4	1.32	1.66	1.29	8.23911
5% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄ [5P-LMO]	64.0	22.3	12.3	1.29	1.62	1.24	8.23898
5% AlPO₄ + LiMn₂O₄ [5P-LMO (37)]	195.5	7.3

Table 1. Precursor–Solvent Combinations, Flame Parameters for the Synthesis of Pure and AlPO4/LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials.