Table 3.
Nutrient biomarker and blood lipids of vegetarian (vegetarian, n = 149), vegan (vegan, n = 111) and omnivore (OM, n = 136) participants of the German VeChi Youth Study (n = 396, 6–18 years old) 1.
| VG | VN | OM | Total Model | Pairwise Comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P50 (P25; P75) | P50 (P25; P75) | P50 (P25; P75) | p 2 [η2] | VG-VN p 2 | VG-OM p 2 | VN-OM p 2 | |
| Nutrient biomarkers | |||||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.3 (12.4; 14.1) | 13.2 (12.5; 14.0) | 13.5 (12.8; 14.2) | 0.6520 [0.0029] | 0.9879 | 0.4143 | 0.5144 |
| Ferritin (µg/L) | 29 (20; 39) | 29 (22; 42) | 38 (26; 52) | 0.0312 [0.0235] | 0.8081 | 0.0134 | 0.0404 |
| 25-OH Vitamin D3 (ng/mL) | 23 (17; 31) | 26 (20; 33) | 24 (18; 31) | 0.3519 [0.0074] | 0.7702 | 0.1704 | 0.4143 |
| Vitamin B2 (FAD) (µg/L) | 199 (175; 223) | 197 (169; 215) | 206 (190; 225) | 0.2648 [0.0094] | 0.4518 | 0.2423 | 0.1284 |
| Folate (µg/L) | 279 (251; 320) | 319 (287; 363) | 284 (252; 327) | 0.0134 [0.0286] | 0.0053 | 0.3366 | 0.1561 |
| HoloTC (pmol/L) | 56 (41; 83) | 70 (44; 111) | 67 (50; 86) | 0.0120 [0.0304] | 0.3519 | 0.0042 | 0.1788 |
| MMA (nmol/L) | 153 (127; 203) | 144 (110; 178) | 153 (119; 195) | 0.0701 [0.0183] | 0.6716 | 0.0253 | 0.1733 |
| Blood lipids | |||||||
| TC (mg/dL) | 144 (131; 162) | 133 (120; 150) | 153 (134; 173) | 0.0016 [0.0429] | 0.0065 | 0.1200 | 0.0010 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54 (46; 68) | 53 (47; 64) | 57 (48; 66) | 0.6716 [0.0024] | 0.6538 | 0.5950 | 0.4288 |
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 89 (74; 100) | 78 (63; 94) | 96 (73; 113) | 0.0010 [0.0458] | 0.0053 | 0.1003 | 0.0010 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 79 (69; 93) | 68 (57; 84) | 90 (70; 106) | 0.0010 [0.0514] | 0.0041 | 0.0701 | 0.0010 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 70 (55; 91) | 69 (53; 85) | 61 (51; 80) | 0.1283 [0.0144] | 0.4185 | 0.0573 | 0.4288 |
Unadjusted data, holoTC: holotranscobalamin, MMA: methylmalonic acid, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides. 1 Five participants did not provide a blood sample, and further missing values resulted from an insufficient sample volume or technical problems during the analysis (haemoglobin and folate n = 3, ferritin n = 1, vitamin B2 (FAD) n = 4, holoTC n = 9, MMA n = 2). 2 Analysis of covariance, adjusted for age (years), BMI-SDS, socioeconomic status (low/middle/high), smoking in the household (yes/no), physical activity (MET-minutes), use of dietary supplements (yes/no) and season (only 25-OH vitamin D3), p-values were adjusted for multiple testing according to the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method.