Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline
| Characteristic | Exercise | Meditation | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 137 | 138 | 138 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 49.1 ± 11.4 | 49.2 ± 11.2 | 50.7 ± 12.1 |
| Female, n (%) | 107 (78.1) | 105 (76.1) | 101 (73.2) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 9 (6.6) | 6 (4.3) | 11 (8.0) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White/Caucasian | 105 (76.6) | 121 (88.3) | 123 (89.1) |
| Black/African American | 14 (10.2) | 5 (3.6) | 6 (4.3) |
| Asian | 8 (5.8) | 5 (3.6) | 3 (2.2) |
| Other/More Than One Race | 10 (7.3) | 6 (4.4) | 6 (4.3) |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 11 (8.1) | 8 (6.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 29.3 ± 7.0 | 29.8 ± 7.8 | 29.0 ± 6.6 |
| College graduate or more, n (%) | 108 (78.8) | 106 (76.8) | 102 (73.9) |
| Income > $50,000, n (%) | 79 (58.1) | 85 (63.4) | 85 (62.5) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 122 ± 15 | 120 ± 16 | 124 ± 17 |
| Diastolic BP, mean ± SD | 75 ± 9 | 74 ± 8 | 76 ± 9 |
| Self-report scores, mean ± SD | |||
| SF12 Mental health | 47.8 ± 10.5 | 48.0 ± 10.2 | 47.7 ± 9.8 |
| SF12 Physical health | 51.6 ± 8.2 | 51.4 ± 7.8 | 51.5 ± 8.3 |
| PSS10 Perceived Stress | 13.3 ± 6.6 | 13.1 ± 6.4 | 12.4 ± 5.9 |
| PHQ9 Depressive Symptoms | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 2.4 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 3.1 |
| PSQI Global sleep quality | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 5.8 ± 3.3 | 5.7 ± 3.3 |
| PSQI PSQ | 0.94 ± 0.70 | 0.89 ± 0.67 | 0.90 ± 0.63 |
| PSQI SEf | 0.55 ± 0.71 | 0.42 ± 0.58 | 0.43 ± 0.73 |
| PSQI DD | 1.10 ± 0.50 | 1.13 ± 0.48 | 1.09 ± 0.49 |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; BP = blood pressure; BMI = body mass index; SF12 = Medical Outcomes Study Short Form; PSS10 = Perceived Stress Scale; PHQ9 = depressive symptoms; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQ = Perceived Sleep Quality PSQI factor; SEf = Sleep Efficiency PSQI factor; DD = Daily Disturbances PSQI factor