Table 4.
PSQI Factor Perceived Sleep Quality (PSQ), Sleep Efficiency (SEf), and Daily Disturbances (DD) in intervention groups, compared with control
| Measure | November 1-mo. follow-up | January 3-mo. follow-up | March 5-mo. follow-up | May 7-mo. follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | MBSR and EX classes | ||||
| PSQ mean +/- SD | 0.75 +/- 0.47 | 0.76 +/- 0.47 | 0.78 +/- 0.47 | 0.75 +/- 0.47 | |
| PSQ mean dif. c/w Ctl [95% CI] | 0.18 [0.07, 0.30] | 0.14 [0.02, 0.25] | 0.13 [0.01, 0.24] | 0.15 [0.04, 0.27] | |
| PSQ P value | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
| SEf. mean +/- SD | 0.40 +/- 0.53 | 0.37 +/- 0.53 | 0.42 +/- 0.54 | 0.43 +/- 0.54 | |
| SEf mean dif. c/w Ctl [95% CI] | 0.07 [−0.35, 0.49] | 0.09 [−0.05, 0.22] | −0.01 [−0.14, 0.12] | 0.07 [−0.06, 0.20] | |
| SEf. P value | 0.75 | 0.21 | 0.87 | 0.29 | |
| DD mean +/- SD | 1.07 +/- 0.40 | 1.09 +/- 0.39 | 1.03 +/- 0.40 | 1.03 +/- 0.47 | |
| DD mean dif. c/w Ctl [95% CI] | 0.09 [−0.32, 0.51] | 0.03 [−0.07, 0.13] | 0.07 [−0.03, 0.17] | 0.08 [−0.03, 0.18] | |
| DD P value | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
| Meditation | |||||
| PSQ mean +/- SD | 0.82 +/- 0.47 | 0.76 +/- 0.46 | .80 +/- 0.47 | 0.83 +/- 0.47 | |
| PSQ mean dif. c/w Ctl [95% CI] | 0.12 [0.01, 0.24] | 0.14 [0.02, 0.26] | 0.10 [−0.01, 0.22] | 0.08 [−0.04, 0.19] | |
| PSQ P value | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.19 | |
| SEf mean +/- SD | 0.55 +/- 0.54 | 0.48 +/- 0.53 | 0.45 +/- 0.53 | 0.40 +/- 0.54 | |
| SEf mean dif. c/w Ctl [95% CI] | −0.08 [−0.21, 0.05] | −0.02 [−0.16, 0.11] | −0.04 [−0.17, 0.09] | 0.10 [−0.03, 0.23] | |
| SEf. P value | 0.19 | 0.71 | 0.51 | 0.14 | |
| DD mean +/- SD | 1.03 +/- 0.40 | 0.95 +/- 0.39 | 0.99 +/- 0.39 | 0.96 +/- 0.40 | |
| DD mean dif. c/w Ctl [95% CI] | 0.13 [0.03, 0.23] | 0.17 [0.07, 0.27] | 0.11 [0.01, 0.21] | 0.15 [0.05, 0.25] | |
| DD P value | 0.01 | 0.0006 | 0.02 | 0.0005 | |
| Control | |||||
| PSQ mean +/- SD | 0.94 +/- 0.47 | 0.90 +/- 0.47 | 0.90 +/- 0.47 | 0.90 +/- 0.47 | |
| SEf mean +/- SD | 0.47 +/- 0.53 | 0.45 +/- 0.53 | 0.41 +/- 0.53 | 0.50 +/- 0.53 | |
| DD mean +/- SD | 1.16 +/- 0.40 | 1.12 +/- 0.39 | 1.10 +/- 0.40 | 1.11 +/- 0.40 |
SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval
PSQ = Perceived Sleep Quality factor
SEf = Sleep Efficiency factor
DD = Daily Disturbances factor
Mean dif c/w Ctl = Mean difference between intervention group and control group
P-values come from group comparison T-tests at each time point
Mean difference and effect size are shown in absolute values, so that a positive number indicates benefit (lower PSQI scores), compared to control