Fig. 2.

Core oral microbiome of African hominids shows a deep evolutionary conservation of biofilm structure. UpSet plots showing the number of microbial genera (A) and species (B) core to host groups and group combinations. (C) Core taxa of the human oral microbiome (inclusive of all African hominid and howler monkey ranks). Human biofilm spatial organization based on refs. 8 and 100. Taxa are colored by the broadest host group for which they are core. “Other” taxa are those that fall into paraphyletic host groupings (e.g., Alouatta:Homo). Dashed lines separate the biofilm into basal, intermediate, and peripheral regions (100). Taxa with unknown spatial location are marked with an asterisk (*); taxa core to Homo with any combination of other host genera at the species level but not at the genus level are marked with a dagger (†). Reference Dataset S3 for additional information.