Table 1.

Common signs and symptoms and diagnostic modalities for COVID-19-associated myocardial injury and Takotsubo syndrome

Diagnosis	Signs and symptoms	Echocardiography	ECG	CMR	Biomarkers
Myocardial injury	Dyspnea, fever, chest pain	Systolic/diastolic dysfunction, pericardial effusion	ST-segment elevation and depression, T wave changes, ventricular tachycardia	Increased T1, T2 mapping, late gadolinium enhancement	Elevated
Takotsubo syndrome	Chest pain, dyspnea	Apical akinetic expansion (apical ballooning), hypokinesia hyperdynamic contractility, reduced ejection fraction	ST-segment elevation and/or depression with T-wave inversion	No data available	Elevated