TABLE 3.
Associations between respondent characteristics and aggregated perspective scores*†
| Bedside nurses§ | Time since training‡ | Age|| | Gender§ | Marital status‡ | Children§ | Practice setting‡ | COVID Care score‡,** | Epidemic score‡** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotions score |
T = − 0.98, P = 0.33; 95% CI, − 3.27 to 1.11 |
F = 4.99, P = 0.03 |
B = − 0.16, P < 0.001 |
T = − 1.81, P = 0.08; 95% CI, − 6.16 to 0.35 |
F = 3.03, P = 0.08 |
T = − 1.60, P = 0.11; 95% CI, − 3.22 to 0.34 |
F = 0.18, P = 0.67 |
F = 1.35, P = 0.25 |
F = 7.86, P = 0.005 |
| Service Demand score |
T = 0.88, P = 0.38; 95% CI, − 0.68 to 1.76 |
F = 3.15, P = 0.08 |
B = 0.02, P = 0.34 |
T = − 0.35, P = 0.73; 95% CI, − 2.08 to 1.46 |
F = 0.04, P = 0.84 |
T = − 0.43, P = 0.66; 95% CI, − 1.18 to 0.76 |
F = 1.14, P = 0.29 |
F = 1.02, P = 0.31 |
F = 2.60, P = 0.11 |
| Skills and Intentions score |
T = 2.60, P = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.31 to 2.33 |
F = 8.58, P = 0.004 |
B = 0.05, P = 0.05 |
T = 0.22, P = 0.83, 95% CI, − 1.39 to 1.72 |
F = 1.72, P = 0.19 |
T = − 0.72, P = 0.47; 95% CI, − 1.19 to 0.56 |
F = 1.37, P = 0.24 |
F = 1.27, P = 0.26 |
F = 5.33, P = 0.02 |
| Beliefs score |
T = 2.93, P = 0.004; 95% CI, 0.44 to 2.30 |
F = 3.63 P = 0.06 |
B = 0.01, P = 0.56 |
T = 0.75, P = 0.46; 95% CI, 2.29 to 1.70 |
F = 0.04, P = 0.84 |
T = − 1.17, P = 0.24; 95% CI, − 1.48 to 0.38 |
F = 0.02, P = 0.88 |
F = 0.11, P = 0.74 |
F = 0.08, P = 0.78 |
| Environment score |
T = 2.36, P = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.53 to 6.08 |
F = 15.77 P < 0.001 |
B = 0.15 P = 0.02 |
T = 1.11, P = 0.28; 95% CI, − 2.27 to 7.64 |
F = 0.27, P = 0.61 |
T = − 1.46, P = 0.15 95% CI, − 4.07 to 0.60 |
F = 0.22, P = 0.64 |
F = 0.06, P = 0.80 |
F = 6.79, P = 0.01 |
| Professional and social roles |
T = 1.38, P = 0.17 95% CI, − 0.31 to 1.75 |
F = 5.50, P = 0.02 |
B = 0.02, P = 0.57 |
T = 0.72, P = 0.48; 95% CI, − 1.21 to 2.55 |
F = 0.64, P = 0.43 |
T = 1.17, P = 0.24; 95% CI, − 0.45 to 1.63 |
F = 0.15, P = 0.70 |
F = 1.71, P = 0.19 |
F = 0.01, P = 0.93 |
| Trust score |
T = 3.74, P < 0.001; 95% CI, 3.26 to 10.64 |
F = 18.09, P < 0.001 |
B = 0.31, P < 0.001 |
T = − 0.02, P = 0.85, 95% CI, − 6.26 to 5.16 |
F = 0.46, P = 0.50 |
T = − 0.11, P = 0.92; 95% CI, − 3.15 to 2.82 |
F = 0.37, P = 0.54 |
F = 0.89, P = 0.35 |
F = 7.87, P = 0.005 |
*Scores represent combined responses to multiple seven-part Likert-scale questions to form a combined aggregate thematic score. The emotions score reflects perceived personal risk and fear on the job. Service Demand score reflects perceptions of whether the health system can handle current and future patient demands. Environment score reflects the clarity of guidance materials and ease of access to facilities and PPE. Skills and Intentions combined measure reflects training, confidence, and use of PPE. The beliefs score reflects beliefs in the effectiveness of IPC and the amount of strain procedures create. The professional and social role scores reflects perception of how IPC measures are reflected in one’s role, and the potential influence on others.
†The adjusted threshold of significance (using the Bonferroni correction) was P = 0.0055. The significant findings are highlighted in bold.
‡Associations evaluated by one-way ANOVA
§Associations evaluated by Student’s t test
|Associations evaluated by linear regression
**Aggregate COVID Care score, based on whether respondents reported any suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases in their hospital, and whether they cared for a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient. Aggregate epidemic score, based on whether they’ve worked in a clinical setting in a previous epidemic and cared for a patient in that setting. For each score, an affirmative answer on each of the two questions was awarded one point, with each score comprising two questions worth up to one point each for a maximum of two points per score.
ANOVA = analysis of variance; CI = confidence interval; IPC = infection prevention and control; PPE = personal protective equipment.