Table 1.

Implementation strategies and aligned design thinking methods from IDEO.org’s The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design

Implementation strategy [6]	Implementation strategy description [6]	Human-centered design method [13]	Real Talk case study example
Involve patients/consumers and family	Engage or include patients/consumers and families in the implementation effort	Card sort Co-creation session Conversation starters Guided tour Resource flow	Card sort: Teenagers sorted cards that presented options related to where they were most comfortable talking about sex and/or relationships, who they were most comfortable talking with, and what topics interested them the most. Results of these card sorts informed the content and mode of delivery for the intervention.
Conduct cyclical small tests of change	Implement changes in a cyclical fashion using small tests of change before taking changes systemwide. Tests of change benefit from systematic measurement, and results of the tests of change are studied for insights on how to do better. This process continues serially over time, and refinement is added with each cycle.	Rapid prototyping Integrate and iterate Define success Measure and evaluation	Rapid prototyping: Team members used InVision to design multiple versions of a feature, like the story submission experience, and tested the viability of these options (e.g., form vs. chatbot) with potential users. Data from these tests were used to make decisions.
Intervene with patients/consumers to enhance update/ adherence	Develop strategies with patients to encourage and problem solve around adherence	Co-creation session Live prototyping	Co-creation: Team members hosted co-creation sessions with potential users where they were given paper with blank iPhone screens and were asked to (a) draw their ideal app to learn about sex education and (b) pitch their app to the other potential users for feedback. Team members listened to the pitches and used similar language for the iTunes App Store description.