Table 1.
Summary of nonbiodegradable barrier membranes.
| Materials | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polymers | |||
| Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), expanded PTFE (e-PTFE), dense PTFE (d-PTFE), titanium-reinforced PTFE | - High chemical stability - High biocompatibility - High barrier function |
- Surgical removal required - Membrane exposure |
[25, 26, 30, 32, 34–38] |
| Metals | |||
| Titanium, titanium alloy | - High biocompatibility - High barrier function - Mechanical strength, durability |
- Surgical removal required - Expensive |
[51–55] |
| Cobalt, cobalt alloy | - Low cost - High mechanical strength - Solid space-making |
- Less biocompatibility | [56, 57] |