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. 2021 May 12;12:668654. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668654

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Copyright © 2021 Rohm, Fuchs, Müller, Keller, Baumann, Bosch, Schneider, Labes, Langer, Pilz, Niess, Delko, Hruz and Cavelti-Weder

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intestinal macrophages increase along the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the anti-inflammatory/resident subpopulation P5. (A) Flow cytometry gating strategy of human intestinal macrophages (CD14^high (pro-inflammatory P1, P2 and intermediate P3) and CD14^low (anti-inflammatory/resident P4, P5 subpopulations). (B) Frequency of total intestinal macrophages in non-obese (BMI <27 kg/m²) and obese subjects (BMI >32 kg/m²) in the stomach, duodenum, and colon (n=12-13). (C, D) Distribution of intestinal macrophage subpopulations in non-obese (C) or obese subjects (D) in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and colon (n = 10-12). One data point represents one subject. Statistical data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p <0.05. ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, tested by ordinary one-way ANOVA.