Table 1.

The five steps of the Gender Impact Assessment (GIA) method applied to the COVID-19.

Step 1	To define context, objectives and indicators	Context: vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 Objectives: provide gender-based recommendations for vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 Indicators: antibody titer against Sars-Cov-2 before and after the vaccine; side effects due to the vaccine
Step 2	To explicate the relevance for GIA	Gender dynamics: exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccine access Direct impacts of gender dynamics: access to vaccine Indirect impacts of gender dynamics: intermediate access to vaccine
Step 3	To identify gender impacts	Gender stereotypes: women are considered more suitable for care and assistance jobs Hierarchical positioning: hospital-based healthcare workers vs informal caregivers and healthcare workers outside hospitals Unequal condition: access to vaccine for informal caregivers and healthcare workers outside hospitals vs hospital-based healthcare workers
Step 4	To evaluate gender impacts	Harmful impacts of gender bias: females working in healthcare are most at-risk for being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection Aspects that reduce inequalities: to provide vaccine to all individuals at comparable risk in healthcare
Step 5	To provide recommendations for adjustments	Suggestions for reducing inequalities: to include sex-disaggregated reporting of immuno-response and side effects Development of strategies to transform negative impacts of gender-gap into positive ones: healthcare workers could be included in decision-making regarding the campaign against SARS-CoV-2, taking into account knowledge and experience gained by women in the management of COVID-19