Table 3.

Reported values of critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at CMC (γCMC), surface excess concentration (Γmax), and minimum area per molecule at air–water interface (Amin) for Gemini cationic surface-active ionic liquids (GCSAILs) at 298.15 K in aqueous medium.

GCSAILs	CMC (mM)	γCMC (mN.m–1)	Γmax (μmol.m–2)	Amin (Å2)	References
[12-(S-2-S)-12]im	0.32	39.7	2.60	63	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[12-(S-3-S)-12]im	0.26	40.7	2.13	77	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[12-(S-4-S)-12]im	0.22	40.8	2.06	80	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[14-(S-2-S)-14]im	0.07	42.9	2.12	78	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[14-(S-3-S)-14]im	0.063	45.8	3.09	53	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[14-(S-4-S)-14]im	0.058	46.6	3.1	53	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[16-(S-2-S)-16]im	0.022a	—	—	—	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[16-(S-3-S)-16]im	0.021a	—	—	—	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[16-(S-4-S)-16]im	0.020a	—	—	—	Bhadani and Singh, 2011
[C12–2–C12im]Br2	0.55	33.6	1.23	135	Ao et al., 2009
[C12–4–C12im]Br2	0.72	35.7	1.19	140	Ao et al., 2009
[C12–6–C12im]Br2	0.78	39.5	1.16	143	Ao et al., 2009
[C10-4-C10im]Br2	4.5	35.2	1.25	133	Ao et al., 2008
[C12-4-C12im]Br2	0.72	35.7	1.19	140	Ao et al., 2008
[C14-4-C14im]Br2	0.10	37.2	0.88	188	Ao et al., 2008
[C12Im-3OH-C12Im]Br2	0.057	—	—	—	Shaheen et al., 2020
[C14Im-3OH-C14Im]Br2	0.036	—	—	—	Shaheen et al., 2020
[C16Im-3OH-C16Im]Br2	0.018	—	—	—	Shaheen et al., 2020

^a, Surface tension measurement.