Table 3. Risk of bias assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews for randomized clinical trial studies.

Authors	Q.1	Q.2	Q.3	Q.4	Q.5	Q.6	Q.7	Q.8	Q.9	Q.10	Q.11	Q.12	Q.13	% yes/risk
Munro et al. (16)	√	√	√	N/A	U	U	--	√	√	√	√	√	√	69.2%/low risk of bias
Pobo et al. (38)	√	√	√	N/A	U	U	--	√	√	√	√	√	√	69.2%/low risk of bias
Lorente et al. (2)	√	U	√	N/A	U	U	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	69.2%/low risk of bias
Vidal et al. (39)	√	√	√	N/A	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	92.3%/low risk of bias

Q.1: Was true randomization used for the assignment of participants to treatment groups? Q.2: Was allocation to treatment groups concealed? Q.3: Were treatment groups similar at baseline? Q.4: Were participants blinded to the treatment assignment? Q.5: Were those who delivered treatment blinded to the treatment assignment? Q.6: Were outcome assessors blinded to the treatment assignment? Q.7: Were the treatment groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? Q.8: Was the follow-up completed, and if not, were the differences between groups in terms of their follow-up adequately described and analyzed? Q.9: Were participants analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized? Q.10: Were outcomes measured in the same way for the treatment groups? Q.11: Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? Q.12: Was appropriate statistical analysis used? Q.13: Was the trial design appropriate, and any deviations from the standard RCT design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial? √, yes; --, no; U - uncertain; N/A - not applicable.