Table 1.
Current advances in COVID-19 vaccines.
| Name | Company | Route | Technology | Clinical Trial | Approved | Grade 3-4 Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVI-VAC | Codagenix (NewYork, USA) Serum Institute (Pune, India) |
Intranasal | Live-attenuated virus | Phase I clinical trial (NCT04619628) | No | |
| CoronaVac | Sinovac Biotech Ltd. (Beijing, China) | Intramuscular | Inactivated virus | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04800133, NCT04651790, NCT04456595, NCT04508075, NCT04582344, NCT04617483, PHRR210210-003308) |
Yes | Wu et al. [43] phase 1/2 trial No |
| BBIBP-CorV | Sinopharm Beijing Institute of Biotechnology (Beijing, China) |
Intramuscular | Inactivated virus | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04510207, ChiCTR2000034780, NCT04612972, NCT04560881) |
Yes | Xia et al. [44] phase 1/2 trial, No |
| BBV152 (Covaxin) | Bharat Biotech (Hyderabad, India) | Intramuscular | Inactivated virus | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04641481) |
Yes | Ella et al. [45]. phase 2 trial, days 0–7, 28–35 No |
| NVX-CoV2373 | Novavax (Gaithersburg, USA) | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04583995, NCT04611802) |
No | Keech et al. [46]. phase 1–2 trial 2% (severe adverse events) for groups D and E |
| ZF2001 | Ahui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical (Hefei, China) | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04646590) |
Yes | Yang et al. [47]. phase 1 and 2 trial 10% (grade 3 or worse) for 50 μg group |
| CoVLP | Medicago Inc. (Quebec, ON, Canada) | Intramuscular | Virus-like particle | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04636697) |
No | |
| Ad5-nCoV | Cansino Biologics (Tianjin, China) | Intramuscular | Adenovirus vector (Ad5) | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04526990, NCT04540419) |
Yes | Zhu et al. [48] phase 2 trial 9% (grade 3) 1 × 1011 group, 1% (grade 3) 5 × 1010 group |
| Sputnik V | Gamaleya (Moscow, Russia) | Intramuscular | Adenovirus vector (Ad5 + Ad26) |
Phase III clinical trial (NCT04640233, NCT04642339, NCT04656613, NCT04741061, NCT04564716, NCT4530396) |
Yes | Logunov et al. [49]. phase 3 trial 0.38% (grade 3) |
| Ad26.COV2.S | Johnson and Johnson (Janssen) (Beerse, Belgium) | Intramuscular | Adenovirus vector (Ad26) | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04838795, NCT04505722, NCT04614948) |
Yes | Sadoff et al. [50]. phase 3 trial 0.4% (serious adverse events) |
| AZD1222 | AstraZeneca (Cambridge, UK), Oxford university (Oxford, UK) | Intramuscular | ChAdOx1 | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04864561, NCT04800133, NCT04536051, NCT04516746, NCT04400838, NCT04540393) |
Yes | Voysey et al. [51]. pooled four trials 0.7% (serious adverse events) |
| INO-4800 | Inovio (Plymouth Meeting, USA), International vaccine institute (Seoul, South Korea) | Intradermal | DNA vaccine | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04642638) |
No | Tebas et al. [52]. phase 1 trial No |
| BNT162b2 | Pfizer (New York, USA), BioNTech (Mainz, Germany) | Intramuscular | mRNA vaccine | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04368728, NCT04805125, NCT04800133, NCT04816669, NCT04713553, NCT04754594) |
Yes | Polack et al. [53]. phase 2/3 trial 4/43,252 (serious adverse events), 2/43,252 (died) |
| mRNA-1273 | Moderna (Cambridge, USA), NIAID (North Bathesda, USA) | Intramuscular | mRNA vaccine | Phase III clinical trial (NCT04860297, NCT04806113, NCT04649151, NCT04470427, NCT04796896, NCT04811664, NCT04805125) |
Yes | Baden et al. [54]. phase 3 trial 1.5% (grade 3) |