Table 4.
Number and type of farms affected by bear damages, replicates of bear attacks, and characteristics of farms that suffered chronic levels of bear attacks. Data from 2232 verified claims in the Abruzzo Lazio and Molise National Park, central Italy (2005–2015).
| Type of Damage | No. of Damaged Farms by Bears per Year | Recurrence of Attack per Farm per Year 1 | Farms with Chronic Levels of Damage per Year | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (±SD) |
% 2 | Min–Max | Mean (±SD) |
Min–Max | Mean (±SD) |
% 3 | Depredation Events | ||
| Min–Max | Mean (±SD) |
||||||||
| Livestock 4 | 49 ± 14 | 5 ± 2% | 1–21 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 2–6 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 8 ± 3 | 3–21 | 7.7 ± 2.9 |
| Sheep | 21 ± 8 | 7 ± 4% | 1–16 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 1–3 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 10 ± 3 | 4–16 | 6.6 ± 2.2 |
| Cattle | 20 ± 7 | 6 ± 2% | 1–11 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0–5 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 8 ± 5 | 3–11 | 3.7 ± 0.6 |
| Goats | 6 ± 5 | 3 ± 4% | 1–4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0–1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 1 ± 3 | 4 | 4.0 |
| Horses | 5 ± 2 | 1 ± 1% | 1–8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 0–1 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 8 ±12 | 4–8 | 6.3 ± 1.5 |
| Cultivations | 43 ± 18 | - | 1–6 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0–4 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 2 ±3 | 4–6 | 4.3 ± 0.4 |
| Small animals | 24 ± 10 | - | 1–4 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0–1 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 1 ±2 | 4 | 4.0 |
| Beehives | 10 ± 5 | 4 ± 3% | 1–10 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 0–3 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 7 ±9 | 4–10 | 6.0 ± 2.2 |
| Structures | 6 ± 4 | - | 1–2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - |
1 No. of bear damage events per farm per year. 2 Proportion relative to all farms active in the PNLAM (including the external buffer area); 3 Proportion relative to all farms of the same type affected by bear attacks; 4 Including damages to unidentified livestock.