Table 2.

Effect of co and post-treatments by curcumin on aluminum chloride-induced oxidative stress in rat hippocampus.

	CTR−	CTR+	CUR1	CTRAl	CUR2
MDA	0.62 ± 0.26	0.95 ± 0.05 a	0.51 ± 0.20 b	1.05 ± 0.09	0.60 ± 0.02 b,*
CAT	0.76 ± 0.54	0.19 ± 0.03 a	0.83 ± 0.26 b	0.10 ± 0.09	0.89 ± 0.01 b,*
SOD	0.10 ± 0.06	0.05 ± 0.01 a	0.11 ± 0.081 b	0.05 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.09 b,*

Values are mean ± SEM. Note: CTR−: negative control group; CTR+: positive control group (treated by aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)); CUR1: co-treatment with curcumin; CUR2: post-treatment with curcumin; CTRAl: exposed to AlCl₃ for 90 days and survive 60 days without any treatment; a: p < 0.05 as compared to CTR− group; b: p < 0.05 as compared to CTR+ group; *: p < 0.05 as compared to CTRAl group, repeated measures two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons.