GFR	Glomerular filtration rate
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
ESRD	End-stage renal disease
AKI	Acute kidney injury
DKD	Diabetic kidney disease
SLE	Systemic lupus erythematosus
PTECs	Proximal tubular epithelial cells
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
AGEs	Advanced glycation endproducts
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
sRAGE	Soluble RAGE
N(ε)-CML	N(ε)-carboxymethyl lysine
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TMA	Trimethylamine
IS	Indoxyl sulfate
PCS	p-cresol sulfate
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
NF-ĸB	Nuclear factor-ĸB
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
INF-1α	Interferon-1α
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
sICAM-1	Soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule-1
sVCAM-1	Soluble forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
MDA	Malondialdehyde
TLR	Toll-like receptor
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
DMB	3:3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
HFD	High-fat diet
OAT	Organic anion transporter