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. 2021 May 13;6(20):13033–13056. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00660

Table 3. Tau Phosphatases and Kinases in mPS1 and Control Exosomes.

    mPS1 or control exosomes
    
gene name description only mPS1 only control shared, log2 of mPS1/control role in tau phosphorylation references
Phosphatases
PPP1CA serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1-α catalytic subunit   +   PP1 α catalytic subunit contributes to de-phosphorylation of tau (89,342,343)
PPP1CB serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1-β catalytic subunit   +   PP1 β catalytic subunit contributes to de-phosphorylation of tau (89,342,343)
PPP3CA (calcineurin) serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2B catalytic subunit   +   calcineurin de-phosphorylates pS262 and pS396 on tau, which are both found in parahelical filaments (89,342,343)
PPP2R2A serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B α   +   B55α regulatory subunit of PP2A recognizes p-tau substrate for PP2A de-phosphorylation (89,92,342,345)
PPP2R1A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A α     +, 1.670 this subunit of PP2A is required for tau (and other substrate) de-phosphorylation (89,92,342,345)
Kinases
PRKDC DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit   +   DNA-PK catalytic subunit phosphorylates tau in vitro (347)
CSNK2B casein kinase II subunit β   +   CK2 phosphorylates SET to induce PP2A inhibition resulting in hyper-phosphorylation of tau; CK2 is overactive in AD (349)
CDK1 cyclin-dependent kinase 1   +   CDK has high affinity for phosphorylation of SP motifs of tau; CDK1 also inhibits PP2A via SET (346, 348)
FYN tyrosine protein kinase Fyn     +, 0.131 Fyn phosphorylates tau and also inhibits the main tau phosphatase PP2A by phosphorylation (341,350,351)
MAPK3 (ERK1) mitogen-activated protein kinase 3     +, −0.156 Erk1 is involved in abnormal tau phosphorylation at sites identified in AD brains (341,352)
MAPK1 (ERK2) mitogen-activated protein kinase 1     +, −0.768 Erk2 can phosphorylate tau at 15 sites in vitro and its increased activity can contribute to tauopathy (341,352,353)
SRC proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src     +, na Src phosphorylates tau present in NFTs (350)