Table 3. Association between BAS use and the risk of dementia in individuals who received at least two BAS or LMT prescriptions with at least one year of follow-up after second prescription.
| Cause-specific analysis | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any dementia | AD | Vascular disease | Other dementia, NOS1 | ||||||||||
| Analysis | Exposure | N events/total | HR (95% CI)2 | p | N events/total | HR (95% CI)2 | p | N events/total | HR (95% CI)2 | p | N events/total | HR (95% CI)2 | p |
| Overall | |||||||||||||
| ≥2 RXs | BAS use3 | 72/3,208 | 1.03 (0.72–1.46) | 0.88 | 30/3,208 | 1.24 (0.72–2.14) | 0.43 | 31/3,208 | 1.27 (0.70–2.31) | 0.43 | 11/3,208 | 0.50 (0.22–1.15) | 0.10 |
| LMT use3 | 737/23,483 | Reference | 302/23,483 | Reference | 260/23,483 | Reference | 175/23,483 | Reference | |||||
| Cumulative BAS number of RXs | BAS 2 RXs | 16/810 | 0.95 (0.45–1.99) | 5/810 | 0.56 (0.14–2.20) | 7/810 | 2.12 (0.53–8.57) | 4/810 | 0.70 (0.21–2.34) | ||||
| BAS 3–5 RXs | 18/1,140 | 1.07 (0.50–2.30) | 7/1,140 | 1.20 (0.39–3.69) | 8/1,140 | 1.43 (0.40–5.09) | 3/1,140 | 0.48 (0.05–4.49) | |||||
| BAS ≥6 RXs | 38/1,744 | 1.04 (0.67–1.63) | 18/1,744 | 1.60 (0.80–3.20) | 16/1,744 | 1.09 (0.52–2.26) | 4/1,744 | 0.37 (0.10–1.33) | |||||
| LMT ≥2 RXs | 737/23,483 | Reference | 302/23,483 | Reference | 260/23,483 | Reference | 175/23,483 | Reference | |||||
| P for trend | 0.84 | 0.23 | 0.62 | 0.09 | |||||||||
| Male | |||||||||||||
| ≥2 RXs | BAS use4 | 25/1,083 | 1.20 (0.63–2.28) | 0.58 | 6/1,083 | 0.72 (0.19–2.78) | 0.64 | 14/1,083 | 2.89 (0.96–8.68) | 0.06 | 5/1,083 | 0.52 (0.14–1.98) | 0.34 |
| LMT use4 | 240/8,977 | Reference | 91/8,977 | Reference | 90/8,977 | Reference | 59/8,977 | Reference | |||||
| Cumulative BAS number of RXs | BAS 2 RXs | 7/261 | 1.74 (0.58–5.21) | 2/261 | 4.03 (0.28–57.44) | 2/261 | 1.43 (0.11–18.75) | 3/261 | 1.02 (0.19–5.38) | ||||
| BAS 3–5 RXs | 4/367 | 0.52 (0.10–2.69) | 1/367 | 3/367 | 2.41 (0.29–19.80) | 0/367 | |||||||
| BAS ≥6 RXs | 14/591 | 1.25 (0.54–2.91) | 3/591 | 0.69 (0.12–3.87) | 9/591 | 3.85 (0.93–15.94) | 2/591 | 0.33 (0.03–3.16) | |||||
| LMT ≥2 RXs | 240/8,977 | Reference | 91/8,977 | Reference | 90/8,977 | Reference | 59/8,977 | Reference | |||||
| P for trend | 0.71 | 0.47 | 0.045 | 0.23 | |||||||||
| Female | |||||||||||||
| ≥2 RXs | BAS use4 | 47/2,125 | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | 0.98 | 24/2,125 | 1.35 (0.73–2.48) | 0.33 | 17/2,125 | 1.00 (0.46–2.15) | >0.99 | 6/2,125 | 0.43 (0.13–1.37) | 0.15 |
| LMT use4 | 497/14,506 | Reference | 211/14,506 | Reference | 170/14,506 | Reference | 116/14,506 | Reference | |||||
| Cumulative BAS number of RXs | BAS 2 RXs | 9/549 | 0.64 (0.23–1.83) | 3/549 | 0.17 (0.02–1.49) | 5/549 | 2.95 (0.50–17.49) | 1/549 | 0.31 (0.03–3.23) | ||||
| BAS 3–5 RXs | 14/773 | 1.53 (0.64–3.67) | 6/773 | 2.05 (0.60–7.02) | 5/773 | 1.42 (0.28–7.07) | 3/773 | 1.12 (0.11–11.64) | |||||
| BAS ≥6 RXs | 24/1,153 | 0.97 (0.57–1.65) | 15/1,153 | 1.85 (0.84–4.07) | 7/1,153 | 0.69 (0.26–1.83) | 2/1,153 | 0.36 (0.07–1.83) | |||||
| LMT ≥2 RXs | 497/14,506 | Reference | 211/14,506 | Reference | 170/14,506 | Reference | 116/14,506 | Reference | |||||
| P for trend | 0.93 | 0.12 | 0.66 | 0.18 | |||||||||
1 Not otherwise specified.
2 Models were adjusted for smoking status, BMI, alcohol consumption close to index date, metformin use one year prior to index date, coronary artery diseases, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia record one year prior to index date, prior cancer history, time-varying statins use status during follow-up (until one year before exit date), and stratified on matched set.
3 ≥two RXs use.
Findings reported in the paper are indicated in bold.
AD, Alzheimer disease; BAS, bile acid sequestrants; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LMT, non-statin lipid-modifying therapies; RX, prescription.