TABLE 2.

vip3-type gene distribution in Bt isolates from different countries.

S. No.	Country	Isolates (number)	Gene size (bp)	% Gene frequency	Isolation source	References
1	United States	125	652	23.32	Soil and grain dust	Rice (1999)
2	India	49	700	2	Soil	Selvapandiyan et al. (2001)
3	Brazil	12	150, 1210	100	Soil	Loguercio et al. (2002)
4	France and 31 countries of 5 continents	125	678	52.8	Soil, plants, animal waste, dust, insects, etc.	Espinasse et al. (2003)
5	Costa Rica	105	−	74	Soil, Foliage, Leaf litter	Arrieta et al. (2004)
6	Costa Rica	146		54	Soil, leaf litter, fresh leaves, other material of forest area	Arrieta and Espinoza (2006)
7	Tunisia	256	419	30	Soil	Mesrati et al. (2005)
8	China	606	1456	63.03	Not mentioned	Liu et al. (2007)
9	Australia	187	1621	87	Soil, bird nest, and grain dust	Beard et al. (2008)
10	Iran	70	1000	82.6	Soil, leaf samples, and dead insects	Seifinejad et al. (2008)
11	Spain and Bolivia	507	1621	48.9	Soil from Agricultural, Mountain, Wetland and Forest, fodder and grain from silos and mills, olive factory, Tuber warehouse, Insects, damaged crops, wine factory, dung, etc.	Hernández-Rodríguez et al. (2009),Hernández-Rodríguez and Ferré (2009)
12	Tunisia	212	670–2370	30	Soil	Sellami et al. (2013)
13	China	2,134	364, 444	67.4	Soil from Mountain, Forest Farmland and snowcapped mountain	Yu et al. (2011b)
14	Western Saudi Arabia	8	2300	37.5	Agricultural and urban soil, dead larvae	Abulreesh et al. (2012)
15	India	39	1113	12.5%	Not mentioned	Shingote et al. (2013)
16	India	44	700	43.18	Lake sediments, forest soil, and maize field	Lone et al. (2016)
17	India	150	675	5.33	Soil/infected insects	Rangeshwaran et al. (2016)
18	Argentia	268	608	91.3	Soil, spider web, leaves, dust, dead larvae	Sauka and Benintende (2017)
19	Algeria	137	1395	69.3	Lake sediments, rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil, dead insects, and stored grain	Djenane et al. (2017)
20	India	15	1400	40	Soil from tea and rice field	Rabha et al. (2018)
21	Turkey	80	1395	23	Soil, fruits, and fig leaves	Şahin et al. (2018)
22	Sri Lanka	21	1029	42	Soil	Baragamaarachchi et al. (2019)
23	Thailand	511	1591	47.55	Soil	Boonmee et al. (2019)