Table 2.
Predictors for COVID-19 severity using multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted | ||||
| Predictor | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
| Age | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.06, 1.09) | <0.001 |
| Male | 1.39 (0.91, 2.14) | 0.13 | 1.22 (0.78, 1.91) | 0.38 | 1.23 (0.78, 1.94) | 0.38 |
| Smoker | 0.34 (0.21, 0.57) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.35, 1.02) | 0.06 | 0.60 (0.35, 1.02) | 0.06 |
| Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 2.42 (1.68, 3.49) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cardiac Disease | 3.11 (1.84, 5.26) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.38, 1.37) | 0.32 | ||
| Chronic Lung Disease | 3.96 (1.81, 8.67) | 0.001 | 1.64 (0.68, 3.93) | 0.27 | ||
| Diabetes | 3.68 (2.56, 5.29) | <0.001 | 1.27 (0.82, 1.97) | 0.28 | ||
| Renal Disease | 5.13 (2.71, 9.73) | <0.001 | 1.66 (0.80, 3.48) | 0.18 | ||
| Metabolic Disease | 2.79 (1.35, 5.75) | 0.005 | 1.34 (0.60, 2.99) | 0.45 | ||
| Liver Disease | 3.35 (0.81, 13.85) | 0.10 | 2.99 (0.54, 16.52) | 0.21 | ||
| 25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL | 1.22 (0.84, 1.76) | 0.29 | 1.79 (1.21, 2.64) | 0.003 | 1.76 (1.19, 2.61) | 0.005 |
| 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL | 0.71 (0.50, 1.00) | 0.051 | 1.17 (0.80, 1.71) | 0.41 | 1.14 (0.78, 1.66) | 0.51 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and comorbidities. Data are presented as frequencies (%) and odds ratio (OR) (95% CI); BMI, body mass index; 25(OH)D, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; p < 0.05 considered significant (shown in boldface).