Table 1:
Comparison of systemic presentation and longitudinal trends of UCPPS with and without HL.
| UCPPS without HL (n=195) |
UCPPS with HL (n=28) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Urologic Pain Intensity: | |||
| Overall non-pelvic pain (numeric ratings, 0-10) (SD) | 3.6 (2.7) | 1.8 (2.1) | 0.0006* |
| Non-Urologic Pain Outside the Pelvis: | |||
| No. of non-pelvic pain sites (0-76) | 7.5 (8.7) | 3.5 (5.0) | 0.019* |
| No. of non-pelvic pain regions (0-12) | 2.5 (2.6) | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.0029* |
| % with widespread pain (≥2 non-pelvic regions) | 108 (57.1%) | 5 (18.5%) | 0.0002* |
| COPC (Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions): | |||
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 75 (40.3%) | 9 (34.6%) | 0.58 |
| Fibromyalgia | 9 (4.7%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0.80 |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | 29 (15.3%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.33 |
| Migraine headache | 74 (38.9%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.0062* |
| Temporomandibular joint disorder | 54 (28.1%) | 3 (11.1%) | 0.059 |
| Vulvodynia (in females) | 21 (16.2%) | 4 (20.0%) | 0.67 |
| Presence of at least one COPC? | 123 (63.1%) | 11 (39.3%) | 0.016* |
| No. of COPC | 1.3 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.039* |
| Pain Characteristics: | |||
| Nociceptive pain (Pain Detect ≤12) | 135 (69.2%) | 21 (75.0%) | 0.19 |
| Neuropathic pain (Pain Detect ≥19) | 25 (12.8%) | 2 (7.1%) | 0.39 |
| Pain Detect scores | 10.0 (7.0) | 8.2 (5.9) | 0.19 |
| Fibromyalgia Symptom scale (FS, 0-31) | 8.7 (5.3) | 5.5 (4.1) | 0.0036* |
| Pain centralization (% with FS >7) | 95 (50.3%) | 7 (25.9%) | 0.02* |
| Fibromyalgia Symptom Severity scale (SS, 0-12) | 5.7 (3.2) | 4.4 (3.1) | 0.043* |
| Widespread Pain Index (WPI, 0-19) | 2.8 (3.4) | 1.0 (1.7) | 0.0073* |
| Psychosocial symptoms: | |||
| Depression, HADS (0-21) | 5.7 (4.5) | 5.1 (4.4) | 0.49 |
| Anxiety, HADS (0-21) | 7.2 (4.7) | 4.1 (3.1) | 0.0013* |
| Perceived Stress, PSS (0-40) | 15.9 (7.9) | 12.5 (7.4) | 0.040* |
| Pain Catastrophizing, CSQ (0-36) | 11.9 (8.4) | 8.3 (6.8) | 0.033* |
| Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) pressure pain ratings: | |||
| 2 kg to suprapubic area (0-100) | 19.9 (17.0) | 18.8 (14.3) | 0.74 |
| 4 kg to suprapubic area (0-100) | 49.7 (25.9) | 57.5 (19.6) | 0.14 |
| 2 kg to forearm control (0-100) | 13.6 (14.7) | 13.7 (14.1) | 0.98 |
| 4 kg to forearm control (0-100) | 37.3 (25.4) | 40.3 (24.0) | 0.58 |
| Longitudinal Trends: | Regression | ||
| MAPP Pain Severity Score Functional Cluster over 3 years a | p-value | ||
| Improving | 61 (31.3%) | 15 (53.6%) | 0.79 b |
| Stable | 83 (42.6%) | 4 (14.3%) | |
| Worsening | 51 (26.2%) | 9 (32.1%) | |
| MAPP Urinary Severity Score Functional Cluster over 3 years a | |||
| Improving | 55 (28.2%) | 12 (42.9%) | 0.26 c |
| Stable | 99 (50.8%) | 7 (25.0%) | |
| Worsening | 41 (21.0%) | 9 (32.1%) |
*
p<0.05
a
Naliboff et al (2017).
b
In logistic regression model, after adjusting for baseline pain severity, the presence of HL was not associated with significant change in the longitudinal pain trajectory.
c
In logistic regression model, after adjusting for baseline urinary severity, the presence of HL was not associated with significant change in the longitudinal urinary trajectory.