Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, stratified by Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV).
| Variable | non-IMV |
IMV |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHA | Intermountain | Combined | SHA | Intermountain | Combined | ||
| Patients (N) | 137 | 224 | 361 | 25 | 35 | 60 | |
| Age | 57.8 ± 15.2 | 53.3 ± 16.6 | 55.0 ± 16.1 | 56.8 ± 20.0 | 53.1 ± 16.4 | 54.6 ± 18.0 | 0.861 |
| Gender, male | 67 (48.9) | 122 (54.46) | 189 (52.3) | 11(44.0) | 23 (65.7) | 34 (56.7) | 0.535 |
| Ever smoke | 31 (22.6) | 33 (14.73) | 64 (17.7) | 12(48.0) | <10 | 19 (31.7) | 0.012 |
| 1 + comorbidities | 41 (29.9) | 124 (55.36) | 165 (45.7) | 10(40.0) | 24 (68.57) | 35 (58.3) | 0.070 |
| Co-Infections (Yes/No) | 10 (7.3) | <10 | 11 (3.0) | <10 | 0(0.0) | <10 | 0.435 |
| Symptoms at admission | |||||||
| Cough | 105 (76.6) | 182 (81.3) | 287 (79.5) | 17 (68.0) | 28 (80.0) | 45 (75.0) | 0.429 |
| Dyspnea | 104 (75.9) | 188 (83.9) | 292 (80.0) | 20 (80.0) | 32 (91.4) | 52 (86.7) | 0.284 |
| Fever | 97 (70.8) | 133 (59.4) | 230 (63.7) | 16 (64.0) | 27 (77.1) | 43 (71.7) | 0.232 |
| Fatigue | 62 (45.3) | 67 (29.9) | 129 (35.7) | 10 (40.0) | 13 (37.1) | 23 (38.3) | 0.698 |
| Myalgias | 52 (38.0) | 83 (37.1) | 135 (37.4) | 10 (40.0) | <10 | 19 (31.7) | 0.394 |
| Headache | 28 (20.4) | 46 (20.5) | 74 (20.5) | <10 | <10 | 11 (18.3) | 0.699 |
| Diarrhea | 24 (17.5) | 79 (35.3) | 103 (28.5) | <10 | 16 (45.7) | 23 (38.3) | 0.125 |
| Tachypnea | 50 (36.5) | 33 (13.5) | 83 (23.0) | 11 (44.0) | <10 | 19 (31.7) | 0.146 |
| Pharyngitis | 22 (16.1) | 66 (29.5) | 88 (24.4) | <10 | 13 (37.1) | 20 (33.3) | 0.141 |
| Hypoxemia | 34 (24.8) | 25 (10.3) | 59 (16.3) | 15 (60.0) | <10 | 23 (38.3) | <0.001 |
| Sputum | 25 (18.2) | 44 (19.6) | 69 (19.1) | <10 | <10 | 11 (18.3) | 0.887 |
| Anosmia | 20 (14.6) | 26 (11.6) | 46 (12.7) | <10 | <10 | <10 | 0.816 |
| Rhinorrhea | <10 | 60 (26.8) | 64 (17.7) | <10 | 13 (37.1) | 14 (23.3) | 0.301 |
| Nose congestion | <10 | 0 | <10 | <10 | 0 (0.0) | <10 | 0.599 |
| Laboratory Values, Mean ± SD | |||||||
| White blood cell count, K/uL | 7.0 ± 2.5 | 6.6 ± 2.5 | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 8.3 ± 4.1 | 6.7 ± 5.8 | 7.4 ± 5.1 | 0.095 |
| Lymphocyte count, K/uL | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Platelet count, K/uL | 262.7 ± 97.8 | 243.5 ± 93.1 | 250.8 ± 94.9 | 197.0 ± 70.8 | 192.2 ± 96.6 | 194.4 ± 85.7 | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 50.4 ± 41.2 | 54.3 ± 67.9 | 52.7 ± 58.8 | 35.7 ± 23.7 | 51.6 ± 55.3 | 44.2 ± 43.7 | 0.308 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 54.1 ± 44.6 | 57.4 ± 51.7 | 56.1 ± 49.1 | 43.9 ± 18.6 | 73.2 ± 81.6 | 59.6 ± 61.2 | 0.634 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.841 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.453 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 15.8 ± 11.9 | 14.3 ± 8.9 | 14.8 ± 10.1 | 22.4 ± 17.8 | 18.3 ± 11.5 | 20.2 ± 14.7 | <0.001 |
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.08 ± 0.1 | 0.45 ± 4.1 | 0.42 ± 3.89 | 0.12 ± 0.17 | 0.03 ± 0.1 | 0.05 ± 0.1 | 0.671 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 1233.4 ± 699.1 | 1398 ± 2018 | 1374.7 ± 1893.1 | 1285.5 ± 890.9 | 1308 ± 716 | 1303.8 ± 743.5 | 0.883 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, U/L | 363.7 ± 113.7 | 359.9 ± 132.6 | 361.6 ± 124.6 | 460.7 ± 150.2 | 540.9 ± 230.4 | 499.4 ± 193.0 | <0.001 |
| Serum ferritin, ng/mL | 896.6 ± 905.6 | 851.8 ± 1074 | 870.3 ± 1007.9 | 1289.5 ± 896.6 | 1315 ± 1122 | 1300.1 ± 994.6 | 0.031 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 1.4 | 0.3 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.112 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 8.3 ± 6.0 | 9.0 ± 6.8 | 8.8 ± 6.6 | 17.9 ± 11.7 | 13.5 ± 9.1 | 15.6 ± 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 188.0 ± 226.9 | 481.2 ± 1660 | 322.6 ± 1136.2 | 219.1 ± 258.2 | 192.0 ± 229.0 | 209.6 ± 248.9 | 0.660 |
| Sodium (Na+), mmol/L | 136.7 ± 3.2 | 137.0 ± 2.9 | 136.9 ± 3.0 | 137.7 ± 3.0 | 135.7 ± 3.5 | 136.6 ± 3.2 | 0.546 |
| Potassium (K+), mmol/L | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.884 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1,0 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.363 |
| Prothrombin time, (s) | 14.0 ± 2.4 | 15.1 ± 4.5 | 14.3 ± 3.2 | 14.4 ± 1.7 | 15.8 ± 6.2 | 14.8 ± 3.4 | 0.545 |
| Oxygen saturation, SpO2, % | 95.7 ± 1.9 | 93.9 ± 2.2 | 94.6 ± 2.1 | 95.6 ± 2.3 | 92.9 ± 2.8 | 94.2 ± 2.6 | 0.189 |
| Fraction of inspired oxygen, % | 0.29 ± 0.1 | 0.56 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |