Table 3. Factors associated with inpatient mortality in patients who underwent colonoscopy.

Variable	Odds Ratio	Lower 95 % CI	Upper 95 % CI	P value
Late colonoscopy	Referent
Early colonoscopy (< 24 h)	1.08	0.93	1.25	0.336
Early colonoscopy (< 24 h) [exact-matching] 1	1.77	0.70	4.50	0.23
No EGD	Referent
Early EGD	1.16	0.99	1.35	0.060
Late EGD	0.91	0.76	1.09	0.317
Age (per decade-increase)	1.44	1.35	1.55	< 0.001
Female	0.83	0.72	0.95	0.006
Weekend admission	1.12	0.96	1.29	0.149
CCI	1.33	1.30	1.36	< 0.001
Non-diverticular bleed	0.91	0.78	1.05	0.185
AKI	2.84	2.43	3.32	< 0.001
Colectomy/colostomy in same admission	9.76	8.02	11.88	< 0.001
ICU admission	18.78	14.66	24.06	< 0.001
PRBC Transfusion	1.30	1.13	1.50	< 0.001
Hospital region
Northeast	Referent
Midwest	0.72	0.57	0.89	0.003
South	0.85	0.71	1.02	0.080
West	0.86	0.70	1.05	0.132
Hospital location/teaching status
Rural	Referent
Urban non-teaching	0.96	0.75	1.23	0.766
Urban teaching	0.93	0.72	1.19	0.541
Hospital bed size
Small	Referent
Medium	0.90	0.71	1.15	0.390
Large	1.00	0.80	1.24	0.969

Analysis N = 798,720. Mean variance inflation factor: 2.76

Intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.116

Area under the curve ROC: 0.913

CI, confidence interval; EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy; AKI, acute kidney injury; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ICU, intensive care unit; PRBC, packed red blood cell.

These results are derived from multivariable analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression.

¹ Exact-Matched Analysis on variables marked ¹ in Table 1, yielding 19,631 matched observations (early colonoscopies n = 10,001), among 6,947 matching strata.