Table 1.
Sociodemographic and economic characteristics of pregnant women in rural Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020, (n = 367).
| Variable | Anemia (<11 g/l) | Total (%) | X 2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) (n = 85) | Yes (%) (n = 282) | ||||
| Age in years | |||||
| 15-20 | 90 (24.52) | 36 (9.80) | 126 (34.33) | 6.22 | 0.18 |
| 21-24 | 48 (13.08) | 12 (3.27) | 60 (16.35) | ||
| 25-29 | 108 (29.43) | 28 (7.63) | 136 (37.06) | ||
| 30-34 | 20 (5.45) | 8 (2.18) | 28 (7.63) | ||
| 35-49 | 16 (4.36) | 1 (0.27) | 17 (4.63) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Oromo | 271 (73.84) | 84 (22.89) | 355 (96.73) | 2.18 | 0.70 |
| Amhara | 4 (1.09) | 1 (0.27) | 5 (1.36) | ||
| Dawuro | 4 (1.09) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.09) | ||
| Yem | 3 (081) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.81) | ||
| Religion | |||||
| Muslim | 250 (68.12) | 83 (22.62) | 333 (90.74) | 6.63 | 0.03 |
| Orthodox | 26 (7.08) | 1 (0.28) | 27 (7.36) | ||
| Protestant | 6 (1.64) | 1 (0.27) | 7 (1.91) | ||
| Maternal education | |||||
| Unable to read and write | 59 (16.07) | 21 (5.73) | 80 (21.80) | 1.13 | 0.95 |
| Elementary grades | 136 (37.06) | 42 (11.44) | 178 (48.50) | ||
| Completed grade 8 | 42 (11.44) | 10 (2.73) | 52 (14.17) | ||
| High school grades | 21 (5.72) | 5 (1.36) | 26 (7.08) | ||
| Collage and above | 24 (6.53) | 7 (1.91) | 31 (8.44) | ||
| Maternal occupation | |||||
| Merchant | 59 (16.07) | 18 (4.13) | 77 (20.20) | 2.99 | 0.55 |
| Housewife | 203 (55.32) | 64 (17.43) | 267 (72.75) | ||
| Governmental employee | 5 (1.36) | 2 (0.55) | 7 (1.91) | ||
| Student | 6 (1.63) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.63) | ||
| Daily laborer | 9 (2.46) | 1 (0.26) | 10 (2.72) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 281 (76.56) | 85 (23.16) | 366 (99.72) | 0.30 | 0.58 |
| Widowed | 1 (0.28) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.28) | ||
| Husband's occupation | |||||
| Merchant | 76 (20.71) | 21 (5.72) | 97 (26.43) | 10.63 | 0.10 |
| Farmer | 122 (33.25) | 40 (10.89) | 162 (44.14) | ||
| Governmental employee | 18 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 18 (4.9) | ||
| Daily laborer | 57 (15.53) | 9 (2.45) | 66 (17.98) | ||
| Private employee | 16 (4.36) | 8 (2.18) | 24 (6.54) | ||
| Family size | |||||
| Less than five | 236 (64.30) | 71 (19.35) | 307 (83.65) | 0.001 | 0.97 |
| Six and above | 46 (12.53) | 14 (3.82) | 60 (16.35) | ||
| Household head | |||||
| Man | 271 (73.84) | 83 (22.62) | 354 (96.46) | 0.45 | 0.49 |
| Woman | 11 (3.00) | 2 (0.54) | 13 (3.54) | ||
| Drinking water source | |||||
| Public tape | 35 (9.54) | 14 (3.81) | 49 (13.35) | 0.05 | 0.56 |
| Protected spring | 206 (56.13) | 58 (15.80) | 264 (71.93) | ||
| Pipe water | 29 (7.90) | 11 (3.00) | 40 (10.90) | ||
| River | 12 (3.27) | 2 (0.54) | 14 (3.81) | ||
| Household wealth index | |||||
| Rich | 21 (5.72) | 6 (1.64) | 27 (7.36) | 1.42 | 0.49 |
| Medium | 202 (55.04) | 56 (15.26) | 258 (70.30) | ||
| Poor | 59 (16.08) | 23 (6.26) | 82 (22.34) | ||