Table 4.

Nanomaterials with photothermal activity as antibacterial agents

Nanomaterials	Microbes	Size (nm)	Light wavelength (nm)	Mechanisms of antibacterial activity	References
AuNCs-DNase	Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria		808	Disrupt biofilm and kill gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria	Xie et al. (2020)
Aniline nanogel and chitosan-containing AgNPs	E. coli	78	405	The release of AgNPs causes Cell membrane damage	Ballesteros et al. (2019)
AgNPs	S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	15–20	460	In vitro investigation showed a 10-log reduction in bacterial count in biofilm In vivo study using mice showed a 100% reduction in 2 h. there was also a reduction in wound burden	Nour El Din et al. (2016)
[AL(OH)Pc(SO3Na)4] + Au–AgNPs + aBL	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	14	660	There was a 3-log reduction	Maliszewska et al (2018)
AgNPs + antibiotic + aBL	S. aureus	15–20	460	There was a 100% reduction in bacterial growth within 8 h Excellent synergistic activity	Akram et al. (2016)
Calixarene-NO donor conjugate	E. coli, S. aureus	270	400	The release of No causes membrane damage	Dahl et al. (1988)
PLGA NPs	E. faecalis	–	665	There was a 96.7% reduction in growth within 10 min	Gonzalez-Delgado et al. (2016)
CMP NPS	B. subtilis, E. coli	–	1.2 W/cm2	For B. subtilis, there was a 97% reduction under 120 min while E. coli had a 95% reduction under 120 min	Ma et al. (2016)
AuNWs	E. coli, S. aureus	5 ± 1.5	808	Reduction of bacterial growth in vitro	Liao et al. (2020)
Ti-GNRs surface	E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, S. aureus	49 ± 4 × 11 ± 2	808	Significant reduction in bacterial growth in vitro	Yang et al. (2019)
TC-AuNSs	S. aureus, P. aeruginosa	Average diameter of 120 nm	808	Reduction in bacterial growth in vitro within 5 min of exposure to NIR laser irradiation	Manivasagan et al. (2019)
PU-Au-PEG	S. aureus, P. aeruginosa	40 × 10	808	Significant reduction in bacterial adhesion in vitro and in vivo Effective photothermal killing reduction in biofilm formation	Zhao et al. (2020)