Figure 1. Virologic and immunologic profiles of CPs, ECs, and PTCs.

ART is normally started in chronic progressors (CPs) during the chronic phase of infection, and a rebound in viremia is seen when therapy is discontinued. In contrast, elite controllers (ECs) are ART-naive subjects who control viral replication naturally. Posttreatment controllers (PTCs) are more often patients in whom ART is initiated during primary infection. These patients maintain control of viral replication when ART is discontinued. *Estimates depend on definition of EC and PTC. +, ++, and +++ indicate relative magnitude of each parameter.