Table 1.
Cases’ and controls’ characteristics at admission, treatments and outcomes.
| Study population n = 141 | Cases n = 62 | Controls n = 79 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex n (%) | 66 (46.8) | 32 (51.6) | 34 (43) | >0.1 |
| Age years, median (IQR) | 69 (56–80) | 69 (59–80.75) | 67 (53.5–80) | >0.1 |
| CCI median (IQR) | 4 (1–5) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (1–6) | >0.1 |
| CVD n (%) | 84 (59.6) | 40 (64.5) | 44 (55.7) | >0.1 |
| Beta-blockers n (%) | 46 (32.6) | 19 (30.6) | 27 (34.2) | >0.1 |
| Days onset-admissionmedian (IQR) | 6 (4–7) | 6 (4.25–7) | 7 (3–8.5) | >0.1 |
| T ≥ 38°C n (%) | 23 (16.3) | 16 (25.8) | 7 (8.9) | 0.011 |
| PaO2/FiO2 <300 n (%) | 60 (42.6) | 31 (50) | 29 (36.7) | >0.1 |
| C-RP >5 mg/dl n (%) | 94 (66.7) | 46 (74.2) | 48 (60.8) | >0.1 |
| C-RP mg/dl median (IQR) | 7.8 (3–12.36) | 8.93 (5.01–12.92) | 6.76 (2.3–11.17) | 0.077 |
| Lymphocytes <800/mm3n (%) | 56 (39.7) | 26 (41.9) | 30 (38) | >0.1 |
| Lymphocytes n/mm3 median (IQR) | 920 (650–1310) | 890 (595–1185) | 970 (700–1340) | >0.1 |
| IL-6apg/ml median (IQR) | 29.9 (9.05–78.75) | 30.25 (13.4–51.025) | 28.8 (7.6–86.725) | >0.1 |
| d-dimer >1000 ng/ml n (%) | 59 (41.8) | 21 (33.9) | 38 (48.1) | >0.1 |
| d-dimer ng/ml median (IQR) | 789 (473–1399.5) | 720.5 (480–1155) | 964 (472–1595) | >0.1 |
| CD4/CD8amedian (IQR) | 1.9 (1.2–2.65) | 2.1 (1.3–3.1) | 1.6 (0.975–2.3) | 0.069 |
| Bradycardia n (%) | 51 (36.2) | 29 (46.8) | 22 (27.8) | 0.023 |
| Steroids n (%) | 129 (91.5) | 62 (100) | 67 (84.8) | >0.1 |
| LMWH n (%) | 139 (98.6) | 62 (100) | 77 (97.5) | >0.1 |
| Exitus n (%) | 24 (17) | 6 (9.7) | 18 (22.8) | 0.045 |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; Days onset-admis, days from disease onset to hospital admission; T, temperature; C-RP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin.
Notes: a, n = 83, 49 patients and 34 controls.