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. 2021 Mar 3;45(6):1249–1258. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00788-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Study design showing weight trajectories for the stable-weight (−5% to +5% BMI; orange), weight-loss cohorts (−25% to −10% BMI; blue) and corresponding stable lower BMI (grey). b Illustration of the comparisons made as part of objective 1 and objective 2 at the end of the follow-up period. c Example hazard ratio profiles (HRs and 95% CI) showing the comparative benefit patterns before weight loss (orange) with the risk after weight loss (blue) relative to the corresponding stable lower BMI (grey). ^aRecord indicating either a weight-loss diet, weight-loss drug prescription, or referral to a dietician or for bariatric surgery during the baseline period, to confirm the intention to lose weight; ^bDate of first BMI calculation. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, HR hazard ratio, MI myocardial infarction, T2D type 2 diabetes.