Table 3.
Multivariate associations between food outlet density per census tract area (km2) in urban areas of Mexico and BMIa of Mexican adults from the 2012 ENSANUTb.
| Food outlet density | Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | Mutually adjusted model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 22,219 | N = 6,068 | N = 22,219 | N = 22,219 | N = 22,219 | ||||||
| β (95% CI) | p value | β (95% CI) | p value | β (95% CI) | p value | β (95% CI) | p value | β (95% CI) | p value | |
| Convenience stores | 0.003 (0.0006, 0.005) | 0.011 | 0.0002 (−0.004, 0.004) | 0.924 | 0.003 (0.0009, 0.005) | 0.006 | 0.003 (0.0001, 0.005) | 0.041 | 0.003 (0.001, 0.006) | 0.006 |
| Fast-food outlets | 0.002 (−0.009, 0.013) | 0.716 | 0.016 (−0.007, 0.040) | 0.180 | 0.003 (−0.009, 0.015) | 0.614 | 0.007 (−0.008, 0.02) | 0.387 | 0.0003 (−0.014, 0.015) | 0.971 |
| Restaurants | 0.00007 (−0.002, 0.002) | 0.957 | −0.002 (−0.007, 0.003) | 0.444 | 0.0002 (−0.0025, 0.003) | 0.735 | −0.002 (−0.005, 0.002) | 0.384 | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.002) | 0.451 |
| Supermarkets | −0.035 (−0.096, 0.026) | 0.259 | −0.017 (−0.14, 0.11) | 0.788 | −0.035 (−0.100, 0.027) | 0.270 | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.02) | 0.155 | −0.033 (−0.10, 0.03) | 0.319 |
| Fruit and vegetable stores | 0.0004 (−003, 0.004) | 0.793 | −0.002 (−0.01, 0.007) | 0.689 | 0.0004 (−0.003, 0.004) | 0.786 | 0.001 (−0.003, 0.006) | 0.584 | −0.0001 (−0.004, 0.004) | 0.939 |
All results indicate coefficients (β) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in parenthesis. β represents the increase of BMI in kg/m2 per every unit increase of food outlet density (count of food outlets per census tract area in km2). Bold values indicate statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
Model A: age, gender and socioeconomic position.
Model B: Model A + physical activity, car ownership, neighbourhood deprivation and urbanicity level, food assistance programmes, health insurance, and socioeconomic position, CTA (2nd level).
Model C: Model A + neighbourhood deprivation and urbanicity level.
Model D: Model A + neighbourhood deprivation and urbanicity level, food assistance programmes and health insurance.
Mutually adjusted models: Model A + all food outlets.
aBMI body mass index.
bENSANUT National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico.