Table 1.
Characteristic of subjects and FFA plasma levels before and after ω-3PUFA supplementation.
| Pre-FO | 1 month | 2 months | Post-FO | P value vs. Pre-FO | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of subjects | 13 | ||||
| Sex (F/M) | 10/3 | ||||
| Age (years) | 40.7 ± 2.4 | ||||
| C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L) | 7.2 ± 0.5 | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 39.3 ± 1.6 | 39.5 ± 1.6 | P = 0.923 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (SDP) (mmHg) | 125.2 ± 2.5 | 113.9 ± 1.9 | P < 0.01 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg) | 76.5 ± 1.7 | 73.0 ± 1.7 | P = 0.220 | ||
| Pulse (bpm) | 72.2 ± 4.1 | 70.5 ± 2.1 | P = 0.743 | ||
| % Body fat | 42.2 ± 1.8 | 41.7 ± 2.0 | P = 0.874 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 106.7 ± 6.3 | 107.5 ± 6.6 | P = 0.933 | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | P = 0.522 | ||
| A1C (%) | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | P = 0.455 | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | P = 0.906 | ||
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | P = 0.340 | ||
| High-density lipoproteins (HDL) (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | P = 0.950 | ||
| Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) calculated (mmol/L) | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | P = 0.286 | ||
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (mM) | 0.002 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | P < 0.01 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (mM) | 0.000 ± 0.000 | 0.000 ± 0.000 | 0.001 ± 0.000 | 0.001 ± 0.000 | P < 0.05 |
| Total FFAs (mM) | 0.719 ± 0.055 | 0.408 ± 0.045 | 0.404 ± 0.029 | 0.578 ± 0.061 | P < 0.001 |
| Palmitic acid (mM) | 0.165 ± 0.011 | 0.098 ± 0.008 | 0.099 ± 0.007 | 0.135 ± 0.012 | P < 0.001 |
| Stearic acid (mM) | 0.066 ± 0.005 | 0.045 ± 0.003 | 0.046 ± 0.003 | 0.060 ± 0.004 | P < 0.05 |
| Oleic acid (mM) | 0.280 ± 0.023 | 0.149 ± 0.020 | 0.143 ± 0.012 | 0.219 ± 0.027 | P < 0.001 |
| Linoleic acid (mM) | 0.131 ± 0.011 | 0.073 ± 0.009 | 0.073 ± 0.006 | 0.100 ± 0.011 | P < 0.001 |