Table 1.
Characteristics for males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and male controls (CON).
| ASD | CON | ASD | CON | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scan 1 | Scan 1 | Scan 2 | Scan 2 | ASD vs. CON scan 1 | |
| N = 15 | N = 18 | N = 8 | N = 10 | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Sex | 100% male | 100% male | 100% male | 100% male | |
| Age | 24.1 ± 5.5 | 25.5 ± 5.8 | 23.4 ± 4.6 | 28.4 ± 6.2 | U = 113, p = 0.44, ns |
| TSPO genotype C/C vs. C/T (i.e., number of HAB/MAB) | 8/7 | 13/5 | 4/4 | 5/5 | X2 = 1.26, p = 0.26, ns |
| BMI | 28.9 ± 5.9 | 24.7 ± 3.6 | 29.3 ± 6.8 | 25.7 ± 3.8 | U = 74, p = 0.03 |
| Neuropsychiatric scores | |||||
| IQ | 86.1 ± 19.2 | 110.3 ± 11.4 | 95.9 ± 11.1 | 110.2 ± 12.2 | U = 28, p < 0.0001 |
| ADOS-2Social affect | 12.6 ± 3.5 | – | 11.4 ± 2.7 | – | |
| ADOS-2Restricted repetitive behaviors | 4.2 ± 1.3 | – | 4.4 ± 1.5 | – | |
| ADOS-2Total (Social affect + Restricted repetitive behaviors) | 16.8 ± 4.1 | – | 15.8 ± 3.2 | – | |
| ADI-RSocial interaction | 22.7 ± 4.1 | – | 22.0 ± 4.9 | – | |
| ADI-RCommunication | 18.1 ± 3.0 | – | 16.9 ± 3.3 | – | |
| ADI-RRestricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior | 6.7 ± 1.8 | – | 6.4 ± 2.1 | – | |
| ADI-RAbnormality of development | 4.1 ± 1.3 | – | 4.0 ± 1.6 | – | |
| CGI | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 1 ± 0 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 1 ± 0 | U = 0, p < 0.0001 |
| PET measures | |||||
| Injected radioactivity (mCi) | 14.1 ± 0.5 | 13.8 ± 1.2 | 13.7 ± 1.3 | 13.9 ± 1.2 | U = 130, p = 0.87, ns |
| Specific activity (mCi/nmol) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | U = 124, p = 0.71, ns |
| Mass injected (μg) | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | U = 126.5, p = 0.77, ns |
| Pharmacological drugs | |||||
| Antidepressants | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
| Anxiolytics | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |
| Nonstimulant cognitive enhancers | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Atypical antipsychotics | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Anticonvulsants | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Stimulants | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. For pharmacological drugs, the N number indicates the number of participants taking a drug of a given class. ADOS-2 total was calculated as the sum of the two ADOS-2 domains: ADOS-2 social affect and ADOS-2 restricted repetitive behaviors.
HAB high-affinity binders, MAB mixed-affinity binders, BMI body mass index, IQ intelligence quotient, ADOS-2 autism diagnostic observation schedule-2, ADI-R autism diagnostic interview revised, CGI clinical global impression, χ2 Chi-square, U Mann–Whitney U, ns not significant.