Table 1. Effects of in vitro 1,25(OH)2D treatment on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.
| Cell type or species | Treatment dose (duration) | Effects | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,25(OH)2D inhibits adipocyte differentiation | ||||
| 3T3-L1 preadipocytes | 1 µM (0–40 hours) | • Repressed up-regulated protein expression of PPARγ2 | Hida et al.43 | |
| 3T3-L1 preadipocytes | 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nM (6, 12 hours, 1–10 days) | • Lipid accumulation and the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, • FABP4 and SCD-1 were inhibited | Ji et al.40 | |
| • No change in C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ gene expression levels | ||||
| 3T3-L1 preadipocytes | 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nM (24, 28, 72 hours) | • Blocks 3T3-L1 cell differentiation into adipocytes (C/EBPα and PPARγ upregulation) in a dose-dependent manner | Kong and Li44 | |
| 3T3-L1 preadipocytes | 10 nM (1, 2, 4, 6, 12 hours, 1, 2, 4, 5 days) | • Down-regulating both C/EBPβ mRNA expression and protein levels | Blumberg et. al.51 | |
| • Up-regulation of ETO (C/EBPβ co-repressor) | ||||
| 3T3-L1 preadipocytes | 10 nM (2, 4, 6 days) | • Inhibited lipid droplet formation and the expressions of adipocyte maker protein, FABP4, PPARγ and C/EBPα | Lee et al.45 | |
| • Inhibited downregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway | ||||
| Primary porcine preadipocytes | 0.1 nM–1 μM (2, 4, 6, 8 days) | • Suppressed the expression of PPARγ, RXR, LPL, SREBP mRNA | Zhuang et al.46 | |
| Human breast preadipocyte | 100 nM (7, 14 days) | • Reduced intracellular triglyceride on day 7 but not on day 14 | Ching et al.39 | |
| 3T3-L1 preadipocytes | • Dose and time dependent inhibition of adipogenesis | Nimitphong et al.47 | ||
| 1,25(OH)2D promotes adipocyte differentiation | ||||
| Human pre-adipocyte, primary mouse preadipocytes | 0.1, 10 nM (14 days) | • Increased the expression of PPARγ, FABP, LPL, SREBP mRNA and TG accumulation | Nimitphong et al.47 | |
| 10, 100 nM (7 days) | ||||
| Human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells | 10 nM (7, 14 days) | • Promoted lipid accumulation and enhanced the expression of FABP4, FASN, and PPARγ | Narvaez et al.48 | |
| Human preadipocyte SGBS cells | 10, 100 nM (24 hours) | • Induced VDR, CEBPα, and CEBPβ expression in the preadipocyte stage | Felicidade et al.49 | |
| • Upregulated CEBPα during adipogenesis | ||||
| Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow of pig | 10, 100 nM (3, 6, 9, 12 days) | • Increased PPARγ, LPL, AP in dose dependent manner | Mahajan and Stahl50 | |
1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; FABP, fatty acid binding protein; RXR, retinoid X receptor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; SREBP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein; TG, triglyceride; VDR, vitamin D receptor; SGBS, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome.