Table 3.
Effects of repeated and changed exposures
| Exposure, first author year |
Diagnostic methoda | Exposure contrasta | High level, number of examination rounds | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Job strain | ||||||
| Stansfeld 2012 [12] | UM-CIDI | Tertile* | None of the times | 1 (ref.) | ||
| 1 time | 1.28 | 0.84 | 1.95 | |||
| 2–3 times | 1.492 | 0.98 | 2.27 | |||
| Madsen 2017 [26] | DD, hospital | Quadrant (2a) | None of the times | 1 (ref.) | ||
| 1 time | 1.23 | 0.88 | 1.71 | |||
| 2 times | 1.56c | 0.99 | 2.45 | |||
| Support | ||||||
| Stansfeld 2012 [12] | UM-CIDI | Tertile* | None of the times | 1 (ref.) | ||
| 1 time | 0.97 | 0.64 | 1.49 | |||
| 2–3 times | 1.16 | 0.77 | 1.74 | |||
| Job straind | Level/change, first and second examination | |||||
| Stansfeld 2012 [12] | UM-CIDI | Tertile* | Low and low | 1 (ref.) | ||
| High and low | 1.55 | 0.97 | 2.48 | |||
| Low and high | 1.67 | 1.04 | 2.67 | |||
| High and high | 1.94b | 1.22 | 3.08 | |||
| Madsen 2017 [26] | DD, hospital | Quadrant (2a) | Low and low | 1 (ref.) | ||
| High and low | 1.12 | 0.66 | 1.89 | |||
| Low and high | 1.22 | 0.77 | 1.94 | |||
| High and high | 1.63c | 0.99 | 2.68 | |||
| Wang 2009 [105] | CIDI-SFMD | Job strain ratio, > 1 | Low and low | 1 (ref.) | ||
| High and low | 0.97 | 0.61 | 1.53 | |||
| Low and high | 1.60 | 1.00 | 2.57 | |||
| High and high | 1.52 | 1.00 | 2.30 | |||
| Smith 2012 [96] | CIDI_SFMD | Job strain ratio change | Unchanged | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Increased | 1.24 | 0.57 | 2.68 | |||
| Decreased | 1.17 | 0.50 | 2.74 | |||
| Demands | ||||||
| Smith 2012 [96] | CIDI-SFMD | Demands change | Unchanged | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Increased | 2.36 | 1.14 | 4.88 | |||
| Decreased | 1.04 | 0.12 | 8.66 | |||
| Control | ||||||
| Smith 2012 [96] | CIDI-SFMD | Control change | Unchanged | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Increased | 1.11 | 0.60 | 2.06 | |||
| Decreased | 0.93 | 0.52 | 1.66 | |||
| Support | ||||||
| Smith 2012 [96] | CIDI-SFMD | Support change | Unchanged | 1 (ref.) | ||
| Increased | 1.33 | 0.76 | 2.33 | |||
| Decreased | 0.45 | 0.17 | 1.21 | |||
aAbbreviations: see legends to Figs. 1 and 2
bThe different risk estimates of repeatedly high job strain in this study is due to different adjustments (the first risk estimate is adjusted for distress symptoms at baseline, the second is not)
cThe different risk estimates of repeatedly high job strain in this study is due to different materials (the first risk estimate is based on a larger material than the second)
dResults from a study of Shield 2006 [94] is not included because of overlap with the study of Wang et al. 2009[105]