Table 4.
Associations between maternal hypertensive disorders and intellectual disability in offspring
| Intellectual disability | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined | Denmark | Sweden | ||||
| Cases (No.) | aHRa (95% CI) | Cases (No.) | aHRa (95% CI) | Cases (No.) | aHRa (95% CI) | |
| Maternal hypertensive disorders | ||||||
| No hypertensive disorders | 26,669 | 1.00 (ref) | 10,305 | 1.00 (ref) | 16,364 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Hypertensive disorders | 1662 | 1.58 (1.50–1.66) | 620 | 1.41 (1.30–1.54) | 1042 | 1.64 (1.53–1.75) |
| Chronic hypertension | 178 | 1.41 (1.21–1.64) | 73 | 1.18 (0.93–1.49) | 105 | 1.60 (1.31–1.96) |
| Gestational hypertension | 285 | 1.28 (1.13–1.45) | 111 | 1.32 (1.08–1.60) | 174 | 1.21 (1.03–1.43) |
| Pre-eclampsia | 1199 | 1.70 (1.60–1.81) | 436 | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) | 763 | 1.77 (1.64–1.92) |
| By timing of pre-eclampsia | ||||||
| Early-onset | 284 | 3.69 (3.27–4.17) | 116 | 2.74 (2.26–3.30) | 168 | 4.54 (3.86–5.33) |
| Late-onset | 915 | 1.46 (1.36–1.56) | 320 | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 595 | 1.51 (1.39–1.65) |
| By severity of pre-eclampsia | ||||||
| Moderate | 796 | 1.51 (1.40–1.63) | 308 | 1.30 (1.16–1.47) | 488 | 1.60 (1.46–1.76) |
| Severe | 403 | 2.27 (2.05–2.52) | 128 | 2.25 (1.88–2.70) | 275 | 2.19 (1.93–2.49) |
| By timing # severity | ||||||
| Early-onset # severe pre-eclampsia | 183 | 3.99 (3.42–4.65) | 68 | 3.89 (3.04–4.99) | 115 | 3.74 (3.06–4.56) |
| Early-onset # moderate pre-eclampsia | 101 | 3.28 (2.69–4.00) | 48 | 1.95 (1.46–2.60) | 53 | 7.72 (5.86–10.16) |
| Late-onset # severe pre-eclampsia | 220 | 1.69 (1.47–1.94) | 60 | 1.53 (1.18–1.99) | 160 | 1.71 (1.45–2.02) |
| Late-onset # moderate pre-eclampsia | 695 | 1.39 (1.29–1.51) | 260 | 1.23 (1.08–1.39) | 435 | 1.45 (1.31–1.60) |
aHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, No. number
aAdjusted for sex, calendar year, parity, maternal age, maternal education, maternal cohabitation at birth, maternal history of psychiatric disorders before childbirth