Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of male participants based on different metabolic obesity phenotypes
| Overall (N = 6081) | MHNO (N = 2001) | MHO (N = 1989) | MUNO (N = 551) | MUO (N = 1540) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50.53 (14.11) | 49.06 (15.15) | 48.95 (12.42) | 57.15 (15.25)ab | 52.12 (13.50)abc | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.69 (2.97) | 22.87 (1.65) | 27.31 (1.90)a | 23.52 (1.17)ab | 28.03 (2.29)abc | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.23 (0.93) | 5.11 (0.90) | 5.25 (0.88)a | 5.25 (0.94)a | 5.35 (1.00)ab | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.40 [0.99, 2.00] | 1.07 [0.82, 1.41] | 1.29 [1.00, 1.63]a | 1.95 [1.39, 2.52]ab | 2.09 [1.65, 2.80]abc | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.26 (0.29) | 1.38 (0.30) | 1.27 (0.23)a | 1.17 (0.31)ab | 1.11 (0.25)abc | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.03 (0.76) | 2.93 (0.75) | 3.13 (0.73)a | 2.97 (0.77)b | 3.05 (0.82)ab | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.57 (17.19) | 119.96 (15.04) | 124.78 (14.63)a | 135.97 (17.15)ab | 138.05 (16.45)abc | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.26 (11.26) | 69.40 (9.81) | 73.79 (10.20)a | 76.16 (11.13)ab | 80.49 (11.24)abc | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.35 [4.98, 5.89] | 5.16 [4.85, 5.52] | 5.24 [4.93, 5.60]a | 5.93 [5.30, 6.86]ab | 5.96 [5.27, 6.90]ab | <0.001 |
| TSH (IU/mL) | 1.76 [1.29, 2.37] | 1.74 [1.27, 2.34] | 1.79 [1.31, 2.37] | 1.82 [1.27, 2.40] | 1.75 [1.30, 2.41] | 0.329 |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 16.63 (1.97) | 16.68 (1.96) | 16.60 (2.00) | 16.54 (1.91) | 16.63 (1.96) | 0.407 |
| FT3 (pmol/L) | 5.19 (0.52) | 5.16 (0.51) | 5.23 (0.51)a | 5.11 (0.55)b | 5.21 (0.52)ac | <0.001 |
| TPO-Ab positive (%) | 480 (7.9) | 147 (7.3) | 163 (8.2) | 48 (8.7) | 122 (7.9) | 0.664 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 23 [17, 31] | 20 [15, 26] | 24 [18, 32]a | 22 [17, 28]ab | 26 [19, 36]abc | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22 [19, 26] | 21 [19, 25] | 22 [19, 26]a | 22 [19, 26]a | 23 [19, 28]abc | <0.001 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 87.46 (13.10) | 87.37 (13.03) | 88.89 (12.62)a | 85.00 (13.36)ab | 86.60 (13.48)b | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 87.80 [77.56, 102.47] | 88.22 [78.38, 103.68] | 86.57 [76.53, 99.51]a | 89.59 [78.90, 103.75]b | 88.54 [77.37, 103.34]b | <0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | 2264 (37.2) | 669 (33.4) | 763 (38.4)a | 208 (37.7) | 624 (40.5)a | <0.001 |
MHNO metabolically healthy nonobese, MHO metabolically healthy obese, MUNO metabolically unhealthy nonobese, MUO metabolically unhealthy obese, BMI body mass index, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, FT4 free thyroxine, FT3 free triiodothyronine, TPO-Ab thyroid peroxidase antibody, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, Cr creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SD standard deviation
Values with normal distribution are presented as mean (SD), and values without normal distribution are presented as median [25th percentile, 75th percentile]; categorical variables are presented as N (%). Statistically significant differences are shown with superscript letters: aSignificant difference compared with MHNO phenotype. bSignificant difference compared with MHO phenotype. cSignificant difference compared with MUNO phenotype