Table 1.
IC50 values of thiosugar sulfoniums (1–8 and 1a), acarbose, voglibose, miglitol, and 1-deoxynojirimycin against α-glucosideses from rat small intestine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus stearothermophilus
| IC50 (μM) [(μg/mL)] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rata | Saccharomyces cerevisiaeb | Bacillus stearothermophilusc) | |||||
| Maltase | Sucrase | Isomaltase | Maltase | Sucrase | Maltase | Sucrase | |
| Salacinol (1) | 6.0 [2.0] | 1.3 [0.42] | 1.3 [0.44] | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
| Neosalacinol (2) | 22.2 [5.7] | 2.5 [0.65] | 0.68 [0.17] | > 100 | > 100 | ||
| Kotalanol (3) | 2.0 [0.86] | 0.43 [0.18] | 1.8 [0.78] | > 100 | > 100 | ||
| Neokotalanol (4) | 1.6 [0.54] | 1.5 [0.53] | 0.46 [0.16] | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
| Ponkoranol (5) | 5.6 [2.2] | 0.41 [0.16] | 4.6 [1.8] | > 100 | > 100 | ||
| Neoponkoranol (6) | 5.1 [1.6] | 1.0 [0.32] | 1.4 [0.43] | > 100 | > 100 | ||
| Salaprinol (7) | > 329 [> 100] | > 329 [> 100] | 14 [4.4] | ||||
| Neosalaprinol (8) | > 444 [> 100] | 90 [20] | 6.5 [1.5] | ||||
| 1a | [> 400] | [> 400] | |||||
| Acarbose | 1.7 [1.1] | 1.5 [1.0] | 645 [417] | > 100 | > 100 | 0.20 [0.13] | 0.021 [0.014] |
| Voglibose | 1.3 [0.34] | 0.22 [0.060] | 2.2 [0.58] | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
| Miglitol | 8.2 [1.7] | 0.43 [0.090] | 4.6 [0.96] | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 |
| 1-Deoxynojirimycin | 0.67 [0.11] | 0.12 [0.020] | 0.26 [0.042] | > 100 | > 100 | 84.3 [13.8] | 2.4 [0.39] |
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity: aRat small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles, bSaccharomyces cerevisiae (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC, St. Louis, USA), or cBacillus stearothermophilus (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) in 0.1 M maleate buffer (pH 6.0) was prepared as an enzyme solution, respectively. A substrate solution in the maleate buffer (maltose or sucrose: 74 mM; isomaltose: 7.4 mM, 50 μL), the test sample solution (25 μL), and the enzyme solution (25 μL) were mixed at 37 °C for 30 min and then immediately heated in boiling water for 2 min to stop the reaction. The glucose concentrations were determined using the glucose-oxidase method. The IC50 value was determined graphically by plotting the percent inhibition vs. log of the test compound. Each value represents the mean of two–four experiments. Commercial acarbose, voglibose, miglitol, and 1-deoxynojirimycin were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemicals Co. (Osaka, Japan)
Reproduced in part with permission from Phytochem. Anal., 25, 544–550. Copyright [2014] Jhon Wiley & Sons, Ltd