Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of NLST participants who underwent low dose computed tomography by prior history of cancer (PHC) status
| Characteristic | All N=26,366 |
PHC N=1,071 |
No PHC N=25,295 |
p-value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 60 (57-65) | 62 (58-66) | 60 (57-65) | <.001 |
| Gender, No. (%) | ||||
| Male | 15,583 (59.1) | 289 (27.0) | 15,294 (60.5) | <.001 |
| Female | 10,783 (40.9) | 782 (73.0) | 10,001 (39.5) | |
| Race, No. (%) | ||||
| White | 24,045 (91.2) | 1,007 (94.0) | 23,038 (91.1) | 0.12 |
| Black | 1,171 (4.4) | 36 (3.4) | 1,135 (4.5) | |
| Asian | 547 (2.1) | 14 (1.3) | 533 (2.1) | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 90 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 88 (0.4) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 86 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 83 (0.3) | |
| More than one race | 326 (1.2) | 8 (0.8) | 318 (1.3) | |
| Missing | 100 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 100 (0.4) | |
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 466 (1.8) | 16 (1.5) | 450 (1.8) | 0.58 |
| Non-Hispanic nor Latino | 25,793 (97.8) | 1,052 (98.2) | 24,741 (97.8) | |
| Missing | 107 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 104 (0.4) | |
| BMI, No. (%) | ||||
| Underweight | 226 (0.9) | 12 (1.1) | 214 (0.9) | 0.004 |
| Normal | 7,427 (28.2) | 354 (33.1) | 7,073 (28.0) | |
| Overweight | 11,146 (42.3) | 413 (38.6) | 10,733 (42.4) | |
| Obese | 7,475 (28.4) | 289 (27.0) | 7,186 (28.4) | |
| Missing | 92 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 89 (0.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 27 (24-31) | 26 (24-30) | 27 (24-31) | |
| Educational Level, No. (%) | ||||
| ≤8th grade | 358 (1.4) | 13 (1.2) | 345 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| 9-11th grade | 1,258 (4.8) | 65 (6.1) | 1,193 (4.7) | |
| HS / GED | 6,199 (23.5) | 279 (26.1) | 5,920 (23.4) | |
| Post HS training | 3,699 (14.0) | 147 (13.7) | 3,552 (14.0) | |
| Assoc. degree/some college | 6,127 (23.2) | 268 (25.0) | 5,859 (23.2) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 4,455 (16.9) | 157 (14.7) | 4,298 (17.0) | |
| Graduate school | 3,737 (14.2) | 121 (11.3) | 3,616 (14.3) | |
| Missing | 533 (2.0) | 21 (2.0) | 512 (2.0) | |
| Marital Status, No. (%) | ||||
| Married or living as married | 17,652 (66.9) | 586 (54.7) | 17,066 (67.5) | <.001 |
| Divorced | 5,107 (19.4) | 263 (24.6) | 4,844 (19.2) | |
| Widowed | 1,961 (7.4) | 144 (13.5) | 1,817 (7.2) | |
| Separated | 334 (1.3) | 16 (1.5) | 318 (1.3) | |
| Never married | 1,236 (4.7) | 62 (5.8) | 1,174 (4.6) | |
| Missing | 76 (0.3) | 0 | 76 (0.3) | |
| Family History of Lung Cancer, b No. (%) | ||||
| Yes | 5,760 (21.8) | 232 (21.7) | 5,528 (21.9) | 0.97 |
| No | 20, 606 (78.2) | 839 (78.3) | 19,767 (78.2) | |
| Smoking Status, No. (%) | ||||
| Former | 13,686 (51.9) | 578 (54.0) | 13,108 (51.8) | 0.18 |
| Current | 12,680 (48.1) | 493 (46.0) | 12,187 (48.2) | |
| Pack-years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 48 (39-66) | 49 (40-66) | 48 (39-66) | 0.80 |
| Comorbidities, c No. (%) | ||||
| Median No. comorbidities (IQR) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | <.001 |
| Asthma (adult) | 1,630 (6.2) | 104 (9.7) | 1,526 (6.0) | <.001 |
| Asbestosis | 274 (1.0) | 9 (0.8) | 265 (1.1) | 0.50 |
| Bronchiectasis | 844 (3.2) | 35 (3.3) | 809 (3.2) | 0.94 |
| COPD | 4,602 (17.5) | 258 (24.1) | 4,344 (17.2) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 2,555 (9.7) | 106 (9.9) | 2,449 (9.7) | 0.76 |
| Fibrosis | 69 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 65 (0.3) | 0.48 |
| Heart disease or heart attack | 3,410 (12.9) | 152 (14.2) | 3,258 (12.9) | 0.11 |
| Hypertension | 9,268 (35.2) | 407 (38.0) | 8,861 (35.0) | 0.04 |
| Pneumonia | 5,863 (22.2) | 324 (30.3) | 5,539 (21.9) | <.001 |
| Tuberculosis | 276 (1.1) | 13 (1.2) | 263 (1.0) | 0.61 |
| Risk of lung cancer diagnosis (5-year risk per 1,000) d | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 11.7 (7.5-19.4) | 13.3 (8.4-21.7) | 11.7 (7.5-19.3) | <.001 |
| Risk of lung cancer death (5-year risk per 1,000) e | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 6.2 (3.7-10.9) | 6.8 (4.1-12.3) | 6.2 (3.7-10.9) | <.001 |
Chi-square, Cochran-Armitage, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis test statistics for differences by PHC status where appropriate, missing values not included.
Family history includes mother, father, brother, sister or biological child with a lung cancer diagnosis.
For comorbidities, number shown represents those who reported yes ever diagnosed prior to trial. COPD includes chronic bronchitis, COPD, and Emphysema; # comorbidities: a count of specific co-morbid conditions reported as ever diagnosed prior to trial: Asthma (adult), Asbestosis, Bronchiectasis, Chronic bronchitis, COPD, Diabetes, Emphysema, Fibrosis of the lung, Heart disease or heart attack, Hypertension, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis.
Among 1,000 people in the US with this risk-factor profile, this is the number who will be diagnosed with lung cancer if they do not attend screening (LCRAT). Based on taking the median of 10 imputed samples for those with missing covariate information.
Among 1,000 people in the US with this risk-factor profile, this is the number who will die from lung cancer if they do not attend screening.