Table 4.
Adjusteda associations for the 31-chemical mixtureb with accompanying weights of maternal serum concentrations of persistent endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure with birth size measures in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) sub-study using repeated holdout weighted quantile sum regression (N=313).
| Birth weight (g) | Head circumference (cm) | Crown-to-heel length (cm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| βc | 95% CI | Weight | βc | 95% CI | Weight | βc | 95% CI | Weight | |
|
Overallb |
−55 | −89, −22 | −0.11 | −0.21, −0.01 | −0.29 | −0.44, −0.13 | |||
| PFOA | 0.11e | 0.01 | 0.11e | ||||||
| PFOS | 0.04e | 0.01 | 0.06e | ||||||
| PFHxS | 0.04e | 0.08e | 0.07e | ||||||
| PFNA | 0.04e | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||||
| MeFOSAA | 0.10e | 0.14e | 0.13e | ||||||
| EtFOSAA | 0.16e | 0.13e | 0.17e | ||||||
| PCB28 | 0.02 | 0.08e | 0.02 | ||||||
| PCB74 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB99 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB105 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||
| PCB118 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||
| PCB138d | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||
| PCB146 | 0.04e | 0.02 | 0.05e | ||||||
| PCB153 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB156 | 0.03e | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB170 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB172 | 0.04e | 0.05e | 0.04e | ||||||
| PCB177 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||
| PCB178 | 0.02 | 0.05e | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB180 | 0.04e | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||
| PCB183 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB187 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB194 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04e | ||||||
| PCB195 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04e | ||||||
| PCB196d | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| PCB199 | 0.04e | 0.04e | 0.03 | ||||||
| PCB206 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||
| HCB | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||||
| β-HCH | 0.02 | 0.05e | 0.02 | ||||||
| p,p’-DDE | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||
| p,p’-DDT | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls
Adjusted for maternal education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal age, prenatal smoking, and gestational week at sample collection
Overall mixture includes PFAS, PCB, and organochlorine pesticide classes
β for one-unit higher of the WQS index (representing a one-decile increase in chemical concentrations)
PCB congeners 138 and 158 could not be separated and were quantified as a summed concentration, referred to as PCB138. Similarly, PCB congeners 196 and 203 could not be separated and were quantified as a summed concentration, referred to as PCB196
Significant contributor to the overall mixture effect (>1/number of chemicals in mixture, or 0.032 in this analysis)