Table 1:
Types of Immunotherapy
| Immunotherapy | Examples | Mechanism of Action | Cancer targets |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAR T-cell therapy | - Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta) - Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) - Brexucabtagene autoleucel (Tecartus) |
- Adoptive cell transfer - T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells |
- Relapsed or refractory (r/r) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma, high grade B cell lymphoma, transformed follicular lymphoma,) - r/r DLBCL - Mantle Cell Lymphoma |
| Bispecific antibodies | - Blinatumomab (Blincyto) - AMG 420 - IMCgp100 (Tebentafusp) - AFM13 - MGD006 |
- CD19- and CD3 targeting bispecific antibody - BCMA and CD3 - GP100 and CD3 - CD30 and CD16A - CD123 and CD3 |
- Relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor ALL - Multiple myeloma - Metastatic uveal melanoma - CD30-positive Hodgkin’s lymphoma - Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitors | See Table 2 | - Block checkpoint proteins from interacting with partner proteins, allowing T cell- mediated killing of cancer cells | See Table 2 |
| Monoclonal antibody therapya | Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) Rituximab (Rituxan) Elotuzumab (Empliciti) Daratumumab (Darzalex) |
- Monoclonal antibody, binds to CD52 (protein on surface of mature lymphocytes); CD52-bearing lymphocytes targeted for destruction - Chimeric monoclonal antibody, targets CD20 (primarily found on surface of immune B cells); promotes B cell elimination - SLAMF7 (CD319)-directed immunostimulatory antibody - Anti-CD38, promotes apoptosis |
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, GPA and MPA - Relapsed multiple myeloma - Multiple myeloma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma |
| Cytokinesb | High-dose IL-2 | - Promotes expansion of natural killer (NK) and T lymphocytes | Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), metastatic melanoma |
| Recombinant interferon-α | - Potent anti-angiogenic activity [152] | Hairy cell leukemia Follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma Melanoma AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) |
a
Selected examples of monoclonal antibodies
b
Selected examples of high-dose cytokines