Table 1.
Summary data and post hoc analysis of the RM-ANOVA.
| RM ANOVA | CS+ | CS− | Between CS+ and CS− | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | p value | d | Mean | SE | p value | d | p value | d | |
| Pain-expectancy ratings (A.U.) | ||||||||||
| ACQ1 | 6.36 | 0.46 | – | – | 2.15 | 0.41 | – | – | < 0.01 | 1.99 |
| ACQ2 | 7.42 | 0.32 | < 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.95 | 0.25 | < 0.05 | − 0.75 | < 0.01 | 4.67 |
| ACQ3 | 7.48 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.57 | 0.82 | 0.27 | < 0.01 | − 0.82 | < 0.01 | 4.24 |
| EXT1 | 4.38 | 0.39 | < 0.01 | − 1.72 | 2.23 | 0.45 | < 0.01 | 0.82 | < 0.01 | 1.07 |
| EXT2 | 2.57 | 0.42 | < 0.01 | − 2.64 | 1.48 | 0.34 | 0.07 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 0.56 |
| Fear of pain-related movement (A.U.) | ||||||||||
| ACQ1 | 4.98 | 0.51 | – | – | 2.01 | 0.42 | – | – | < 0.01 | 1.32 |
| ACQ2 | 5.63 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.30 | 1.29 | 0.31 | 0.13 | − 0.42 | < 0.01 | 2.43 |
| ACQ3 | 5.97 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.08 | − 0.63 | < 0.01 | 2.92 |
| EXT1 | 4.31 | 0.41 | < 0.01 | − 0.84 | 2.39 | 0.41 | < 0.05 | 0.89 | < 0.01 | 1.92 |
| EXT2 | 2.68 | 0.39 | < 0.01 | − 1.70 | 1.78 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.61 | 0.18 | 0.54 |
| Times of acceleration phase (s) | ||||||||||
| PRA | 0.37 | 0.01 | – | – | 0.36 | 0.01 | – | – | 0.89 | 0.28 |
| ACQ1 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.69 | 0.21 |
| ACQ2 | 0.44 | 0.02 | < 0.05 | 0.92 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 1.00 | − 0.33 | < 0.01 | 1.61 |
| ACQ3 | 0.46 | 0.02 | < 0.01 | 1.07 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.48 | − 0.44 | < 0.01 | 1.97 |
| EXT1 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 1.00 | − 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | < 0.05 | 1.17 |
| EXT2 | 0.38 | 0.03 | < 0.05 | − 0.73 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.52 | 0.33 |
| Times of deceleration phase (s) | ||||||||||
| PRA | 0.74 | 0.02 | – | – | 0.75 | 0.02 | – | – | 1.00 | 0.07 |
| ACQ1 | 0.84 | 0.03 | < 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 0.82 | − 0.36 | < 0.05 | 1.01 |
| ACQ2 | 0.86 | 0.04 | < 0.05 | 0.89 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.90 | − 0.24 | < 0.01 | 0.94 |
| ACQ3 | 0.85 | 0.04 | < 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.70 | − 0.31 | < 0.01 | 0.86 |
| EXT1 | 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.35 | − 0.32 | 0.73 | 0.05 | 0.73 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 0.28 |
| EXT2 | 0.75 | 0.04 | < 0.05 | − 0.58 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.13 |
The post hoc analyses of the RM-ANOVA in each CS+ and CS− were used between the second and third blocks of acquisition periods and the first block of the acquisition period in pain-expectancy rating and fear of pain-related movement, and between the acquisition periods and the practice period in times of acceleration phase and times of deceleration phase, and between the extinction periods and the third block of the acquisition period in each variable. The post hoc analyses of the RM-ANOVA also were used between CS+ and CS− . Mean: Mean value. SE: Standard error. p < 0.05: Statistically significant after Holm-Bonferroni correction. d: effect size of post hoc analysis. PRC: practice phase. ACQ1–3: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd blocks of the acquisition phase. EXT1–2: 1st and 2nd blocks of the extinction phase.