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. 2021 May 27;11:11235. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90645-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Population structure and relationship of large yellow croaker. (a) Geographic map indicating the sample origins of the large yellow croaker in this study. The gross appearance of a large yellow croaker individual is shown in the picture. The sampling area is highlighted by the red broken line. The dots of different color stand for different population. The number of individuals is given in parentheses after the population name. The geographical maps were generated by using R packages of maps v3.3.0 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/maps) and mapdata v2.3.0 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mapdata). (b) PCA plot (PC1 and PC2) showing the genetic structure of the 198 large yellow croaker individuals. The degrees of explained variance is given in parentheses. Colors reflect the geographic regions in (a). (c) UMAP of the 198 large yellow croaker individuals. Colors reflect the geographic regions in (a).