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. 2021 May 27;11:11180. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90509-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Deposited particle locations for infant (panels A,D), child (panels B,E), and adult (panels C,F) for the 3 $μ$ m diameter particles. Panels (A–C) highlight deposited hotspots for inspiration, where the values represent the regional deposition percentage (based on the number of particles depositing during inhalation only). Hotspots for expiration are shown in panels (D–F); the particles are color coded based on the lobe that they originated from. Presented values (panels D–F) are the percent of deposited particles, calculated from the number of particles released back into the 3D model (not total deposition percentages).