Table 1.
Baseline profile of participants with and without incident dementia.
| Baseline characteristics | N | Incident dementia (N = 81) | No dementia (N = 667) | Total (N = 748) | p-value | OR* | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, M ± SD; min-max) | 748 | 73.8 ± 8.0 (60.0–99.0) | 68.7 ± 5.9 (59.0–90.0) | 69.2 ± 6.4 | <0.001 | N/A | N/A |
| Years of education (M ± SD) | 748 | 6.1 ± 3.6 | 8.9 ± 3.8 | 8.6 ± 3.9 | <0.001 | N/A | N/A |
| Male (%) | 748 | 21 (25.9) | 179 (26.8) | 200 (26.7) | 0.884 | 0.962 | 0.57–1.63 |
| Female (%) | 60 (74.0) | 488 (73.2) | 548 (73.3) | ||||
| With cognitive impairment (N, %) | 748 | 39 (48.1) | 155 (23.2) | 194 (25.9) | <0.001 | 3.067 | 1.91–4.92 |
| With vascular risksδ (N, %) | 743 | 62 (76.5) | 470 (71.0) | 532 (71.6) | 0.296 | 1.333 | 0.78–2.29 |
| With hypertension (N, %) | 711 | 49 (62.8) | 346 (54.7) | 395 (55.6) | 0.171 | 1.402 | 0.86–2.28 |
| With dyslipidemia (N, %) | 600 | 16 (25.8) | 189 (35.1) | 205 (34.2) | 0.143 | 0.642 | 0.35–1.17 |
| With diabetes (N, %) | 694 | 14 (18.2) | 107 (17.3) | 121 (17.4) | 0.855 | 1.059 | 0.57–1.96 |
| With smoking history (N, %) | 735 | 22 (27.2) | 137 (20.9) | 159 (21.6) | 0.200 | 1.407 | 0.83–2.38 |
| With alcohol abuse history (N, %) | 717 | 14 (17.5) | 112 (17.6) | 126 (17.6) | 0.985 | 0.994 | 0.54–1.83 |
| With TBIδδ (N, %) | 715 | 2 (2.5) | 10 (1.6) | 12 (1.7) | 0.531 | 1.626 | 0.35–7.56 |
| With depression history (N, %) | 712 | 36 (44.4) | 276 (43.7) | 312 (43.8) | 0.904 | 1.029 | 0.65–1.64 |
| Living alone (N, %) | 748 | 5 (6.2) | 31 (4.6) | 36 (4.8) | 0.545 | 1.35 | 0.51–3.58 |
| Stroke (N, %) | 718 | 9 (11.3) | 41 (6.4) | 50 (7.0) | 0.109 | 1.849 | 0.86–3.96 |
| Heart disease** (N, %) | 726 | 26 (4.9) | 8 (4.2) | 34 (4.7) | 1.000 | 0.762 | 0.23–2.35 |
| Reported physical difficultyδδδ (N, %) | 748 | 36 (44.4) | 151 (22.6) | 187 (25.0) | <0.001 | 2.734 | 1.70–4.39 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or frequency of present risk factors with percentage in the parentheses and p-values obtained using t-tests for independent samples or Pearson's Chi-Square test/Fisher's Exact Test.
Crude associations and odds ratios are presented.
Heart disease includes at least one of the following conditions: heart attack, atrial fibrillation, endarterectomy, bypass, pacemaker, and congestive heart disease.
Vascular risks include at least one of the following: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking history.
TBI means traumatic brain injury which may include TBI with brief or extended loss consciousness.
One or more reported physical difficulty in activities of daily living requiring assistance from family.