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. 2021 May 26;11(5):e043215. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043215

Table 1.

Demographics and study details for the 47 observational studies

First author Year N Country of study Cancer type Age (years)
(mean*)		 Female
(%)		 Married or de facto (%) At least secondary education (%) First scan
(%)		 Scan type Reason for scan Methods
Andolf15 1990 275 Sweden Ovarian NR 100 NR NR NR Abdominal ultrasound Screening Cross-sectional survey
Bull16†‡ 1991 541 UK Breast 50–54: 23%
55–59 s 29%
60–64: 34%
65–70: 7%
Unknown: 7%		 100 NR NR NR Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Peteet17 1992 79 USA Any NR NR NR NR 4 CT Any (except screening) Cross-sectional interview
Cockburn18‡ 1994 200 Australia Breast NR 100 NR NR NR Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Ellman19‡ 1995 331 UK Breast 50–64: 52%
65–78: 48%		 100 NR NR NR Mammogram Screening or surveillance Cross-sectional survey
Sutton20ठ1995 306 UK Breast 58 100 76 50 NR Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Bakker21 1998 315 Canada Breast 61 100 71 76 50 Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Gupta22 1999 167 Kuwait Breast Range 14–63 100 NR 82 NR Mammogram±ultrasound Screening or diagnosis Cross-sectional survey
Hafslund23 2000 170 Norway Breast NR 100 NR NR NR Mammogram Diagnosis Longitudinal surveys
Meystre-Agustoni24 2001 887 Switzerland Breast 50–54: 36%
55–59: 22%
60–64: 20%
65–69: 22%		 100 77 62 27 Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Drossaert25 2002 2657 The Netherlands Breast 58 100 78 32 NR Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Sandin26ठ2002 598 Spain Breast 51 100 77 41 NR Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Brunton27 2005 584 New Zealand Breast 50–54: 38%
55–59: 35%
60–64: 27%		 100 NR 74 <20% Mammogram Screening Cross-sectional survey
Geurts28 2006 106 The Netherlands Head and neck 56 36 NR 29 NR Chest X-ray Surveillance Cross-sectional survey
Tyndel29‡ 2007 1174 UK Breast 43 100 83 33 87 Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
Bunge30† 2008 324 The Netherlands, Belgium Lung 60 49 NR NR NR CT Screening Longitudinal surveys
Brown Sofair31† 2008 47 USA Breast 50 100 34 80 NR Mammogram Screening Longitudinal surveys
van den Bergh32† 2008 324 The Netherlands, Belgium Lung 60 49 64 82 66 CT Screening Longitudinal surveys
Westerterp33† 2008 82 The Netherlands Oesophageal 64 18 NR NR NR CT+PET Diagnosis and staging Cross-sectional survey
Bastiaannet34 2009 59 The Netherlands Melanoma Median: 59 44 69 66 NR CT, PET±chest X-ray Staging Cross-sectional survey
Vierikko35† 2009 601 Finland Lung 65 0 36 NR NR CT Screening Longitudinal surveys
Bölükbaş36 2010 93 Turkey Breast 48 100 97 10 45 Mammogram Screening or diagnosis Cross-sectional survey
Thompson37 2010 70 USA Lymphoma Median: 47 64 53 97 NR CT Surveillance Cross-sectional interview
Hutton38† 2011 527 UK Breast Median: 40 100 79 NR 75 Mammogram±MRI Screening Longitudinal surveys
Pifarré39 2011 200 Spain Any 52 51 NR NR 67 PET/CT Any (except screening) Cross-sectional interview
Steinemann40 2011 227 USA Breast NR 100 NR NR NR Mammogram Screening or diagnosis Cross-sectional survey
Yu41 2011 398 Brazil Any 54 79 56 57 27 Any Any (except screening) Cross-sectional survey
Brédart42† 2012 637 France Breast 50 100 NR 87 NR Mammogram±
ultrasound±MRI		 Screening or surveillance Longitudinal surveys
Hafslund43‡ 2012 4249 Norway Breast 58 100 NR 52 NR Mammogram Screening Cross-sectional survey
Adams(44 2014 36 The Netherlands Lymphoma 50 42 NR NR NR CT and MRI Staging Cross-sectional survey
Baena-Cañada45 2014 434 Spain Breast 54 100 72 43 18 Mammogram Screening Cross-sectional survey
Andersson46 2015 169 Sweden Any 64 47 62 62 100 PET/CT Any (except screening) Cross-sectional survey
Elboga47 2015 144 Turkey Any 63 46 83 52 NR PET/CT Any (except screening) Cross-sectional survey
Hobbs48 2015 49 Australia Breast 55 100 79 NR 75 Mammogram±MRI Diagnosis Longitudinal surveys
Bauml49 2016 103 USA Lung Median: 67 61 73 53 NR CT, PET±MRI Monitoring Cross-sectional survey
Abreu50 2017 232 Portugal Any 61 51 NR 73 71 PET/CT Any (except screening) Longitudinal surveys
Grilo51 2017 81 Spain and Portugal Any 55 53 NR 41 47 PET/CT Any (except screening) Longitudinal surveys
Evans52 2018 115 UK Colorectal or lung 66 33 NR NR NR Whole body MRI, PET+CT Staging Longitudinal surveys
Goense53 2018 27 The Netherlands Oesophageal 64 15 NR NR NR MRI+PET/CT Staging and monitoring Cross-sectional survey
Hall54 2018 169 USA Lung 64 51 58 96 NR Low-dose CT Screening Cross-sectional survey
Derry55 2019 94 USA Any 61 72 NR 69 0 Any Monitoring Longitudinal interview
Soriano56 2019 57 USA Breast 58 100 93 NR 0 Mammogram Surveillance Longitudinal survey
Taghizadeh57 2019 1237 Canada Lung 63 56 NR 85 NR CT Screening Longitudinal interview
Bancroft58 2020 88 UK and Ireland Breast 38 61 50 83 NR MRI Screening Longitudinal survey
Grilo59 2020 94 Portugal Any 61 54 NR 99 77 PET+bone scan Staging, monitoring and surveillance Longitudinal survey
Morreale60 2020 87 USA Gastrointestinal and lung 62 55 NR 92 NR CT or MRI Monitoring Longitudinal interview
Paiella61 2020 54 Italy Pancreatic 50 61 NR NR NR MRI – MRCP Screening Cross-sectional interview

All percentages were rounded to the nearest whole number.

*Unless otherwise stated.

†Demographic data are based on participants who completed the first survey.

‡These studies collected data from other groups who were not included in this review as they did not meet eligibility criteria. This included people having invasive procedures such as fine-needle aspirate or open surgical biopsy,16 33 people with abnormal screening results18 26 29 and people who did not have a scan.18–20 43

§Demographics based on the entire population even if not all participants were eligible for this review.

¶Four paediatric participants were included in this study.

MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; NR, not reported; PET, positron emission tomography.