Table 2.

Demographics and study details for the 10 intervention studies to reduce scanxiety

First author	Year	N	Country of study	Cancer type	Age (years) (mean*)	Female (%)	Married or de facto (%)	At least secondary education (%)	First scan (%)	Scan type	Reason for scan	Allocation	Intervention and control groups
Mainiero62	2001	613	USA	Breast	<40: 8% 50–50: 39% 50–60: 28% >70: 9%	100	NR	95	7	Mammogram	Screening or surveillance	Consecutive†	Educational or entertaining video in waiting room
Domar63	2005	143	USA	Breast	52	100	NR	81	8	Mammogram	Screening	Randomised	Relaxation, music or blank audiotape in waiting room and during scan
Fernández-Feito64	2005	436	Spain	Breast	50–54: 24% 55–59: 30% 60–64: 23% 65–69: 22%	100	73	28	4	Mammogram	Screening	Randomised	Prescan nursing intervention or usual care
Caruso65	2006	44	Italy	Breast	47	100	75	89	NR	MRI	Diagnosis	Randomised	Prescan informative-emotive psychological support or routine information
Vogel66	2012	101	The Netherlands	Any	Median: 58	51	NR	NR	41	PET/CT	Any (except screening)	Randomised	Audiovisual installation or usual care during FDG uptake
Acuff67	2014	180	USA	Any	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	PET/CT	Any (except screening)	Unclear	Handheld communication device or usual care during scan
Raz68	2014	16	USA	Lung	65	75	NR	100	NR	CT	Screening	Sequential‡	Prescan multimedia education or usual care
Zavotsky69	2014	100	USA	Breast	54	100	NR	98	NR	Mammogram	Screening	Non-randomised§	Music or no music during scan
Ashton70	2019	113	USA	Breast	18–39: 3.6% 40–59: 51.8% 60–79: 39.3% >80: 5.4%	100	NR	NR	NR	Mammogram±ultrasound	Screening, surveillance or diagnosis	NA¶	Shoulder and neck massage±hand massage
Lorca71	2019	108	Spain	Any	59	57	NR	NR	54	PET/CT	Any (except screening)	Randomised	Mindfulness meditation or usual care during FDG uptake

All percentages were rounded to the nearest whole number.

*Unless otherwise stated.

†Each intervention was administered during one half of the study period.

‡Participants were enrolled into the control arm first, followed by the intervention arm.

§Participants attending on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays were allocated to the intervention arm, and participants attending on Tuesdays and Thursdays were allocated to the control arm.

¶All participants received the intervention.

FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; NR, not reported; PET, positron emission tomography.