Table 7.
Final multinomial logistic regression models of subjective bullying item (Yes/No).
| Observed data (N = 761) | Sensitivity analysis (N = 1,483) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | ||||
| Psychological distress (K6) | 1.19 | 1.13 | 1.25 | <0.001 | 1.16 | 1.12 | 1.20 | <0.001 | |
| Substance use (SU) | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.11 | 0.440 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 0.422 | |
| Alcohol use (AUDIT-C) | 0.99 | 0.91 | 1.07 | 0.723 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 0.587 | |
| Well-being (WHO 5) | 0.98 | 0.93 | 1.02 | 0.285 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.99 | 0.022 | |
| Adaptive stress management | 0.98 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 0.526 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.03 | 0.445 | |
| Maladaptive stress management | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 0.489 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 1.08 | 0.425 | |
| Exposure to suicide death | Yes | 1.24 | 0.77 | 1.98 | 0.379 | 1.04 | 0.67 | 1.63 | 0.853 |
| No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Exposure to suicide attempt | Yes | 0.99 | 0.56 | 1.73 | 0.961 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 1.43 | 0.893 |
| No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Suicidal thoughts | Yes | 1.07 | 0.67 | 1.69 | 0.782 | 1.01 | 0.71 | 1.43 | 0.948 |
| No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Age | Up to 17 years | 0.70 | 0.30 | 1.67 | 0.425 | 0.73 | 0.37 | 1.42 | 0.348 |
| 18–25 years | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 26–39 years | 1.08 | 0.69 | 1.69 | 0.734 | 0.95 | 0.68 | 1.32 | 0.758 | |
| 40 years and over | 0.87 | 0.35 | 2.17 | 0.761 | 1.02 | 0.54 | 1.94 | 0.949 | |
| LGBTI+ | Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| No | 0.33 | 0.10 | 1.06 | 0.062 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 1.01 | 0.052 | |
| Apprenticeship status | Active | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Not currently in apprenticeship | 6.93 | 1.68 | 28.63 | 0.007 | 4.16 | 1.83 | 9.44 | 0.001 | |
| Completed | 0.42 | 0.06 | 2.86 | 0.377 | 1.36 | 0.33 | 5.67 | 0.664 | |
| Ongoing but on long-term leave | 3.17 | 0.55 | 18.22 | 0.196 | 2.55 | 0.84 | 7.80 | 0.100 | |
| Other | 1.69 | 0.20 | 14.51 | 0.634 | 2.02 | 0.45 | 8.98 | 0.349 | |
| Apprenticeship trade/occupation | Metal trades | 2.11 | 0.88 | 5.07 | 0.096 | 1.28 | 0.69 | 2.37 | 0.435 |
| Electrical trades | 0.91 | 0.52 | 1.61 | 0.753 | 0.69 | 0.45 | 1.06 | 0.092 | |
| Plumbing trades | 2.07 | 1.09 | 3.93 | 0.027 | 1.38 | 0.86 | 2.20 | 0.181 | |
| Structural trades | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Finishing trades | 1.15 | 0.60 | 2.21 | 0.669 | 0.98 | 0.60 | 1.61 | 0.934 | |
| Civil and outdoor trades | 2.06 | 0.52 | 8.16 | 0.304 | 1.62 | 0.55 | 4.80 | 0.372 | |
| Construction trades | 0.94 | 0.30 | 2.95 | 0.919 | 0.94 | 0.46 | 1.93 | 0.870 | |
| Other trades | 0.91 | 0.21 | 3.96 | 0.896 | 0.80 | 0.28 | 2.34 | 0.683 | |
| Employer type | Private company | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Group training organization | 1.14 | 0.52 | 2.51 | 0.747 | 1.41 | 0.82 | 2.42 | 0.212 | |
| Government/Public utility | 1.91 | 0.74 | 4.93 | 0.184 | 1.22 | 0.62 | 2.42 | 0.563 | |
| Sole trader | 0.70 | 0.28 | 1.75 | 0.451 | 1.31 | 0.69 | 2.50 | 0.411 | |
| No current employer | 1.12 | 0.10 | 12.59 | 0.930 | 0.60 | 0.23 | 1.54 | 0.287 | |
| Main industry sector | Workshop | 0.94 | 0.41 | 2.13 | 0.880 | 1.07 | 0.61 | 1.89 | 0.814 |
| Maintenance | 1.64 | 0.82 | 3.29 | 0.165 | 1.30 | 0.76 | 2.23 | 0.328 | |
| Housing | 1.35 | 0.73 | 2.49 | 0.339 | 1.04 | 0.67 | 1.62 | 0.870 | |
| Small building/construction | 1.61 | 0.86 | 2.99 | 0.135 | 0.95 | 0.61 | 1.48 | 0.822 | |
| Commercial/Residential | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Engineering construction | 1.05 | 0.33 | 3.32 | 0.937 | 1.07 | 0.44 | 2.62 | 0.882 | |
| Civil construction | 1.24 | 0.48 | 3.23 | 0.656 | 1.13 | 0.58 | 2.19 | 0.718 | |
| Other | 0.64 | 0.24 | 1.68 | 0.366 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 1.63 | 0.584 | |
| Apprenticeship year | First year | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Second year | 1.74 | 0.97 | 3.13 | 0.064 | 1.60 | 1.03 | 2.49 | 0.038 | |
| Third year | 2.11 | 1.14 | 3.91 | 0.017 | 1.82 | 1.17 | 2.82 | 0.008 | |
| Fourth year | 1.27 | 0.65 | 2.45 | 0.483 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 0.84 | 0.209 | |
| Completed (last 12 months) | 5.71 | 0.83 | 39.25 | 0.077 | 1.18 | 0.29 | 4.70 | 0.816 | |
| Other | 3.43 | 0.69 | 16.95 | 0.131 | 1.26 | 0.48 | 3.26 | 0.637 | |
| Employer size | Very large (501+ employees) | 1.50 | 0.74 | 3.07 | 0.264 | 1.44 | 0.85 | 2.44 | 0.171 |
| Large (101–500 employees) | 1.03 | 0.51 | 2.09 | 0.939 | 1.09 | 0.64 | 1.86 | 0.747 | |
| Medium (51–100 employees) | 0.92 | 0.44 | 1.90 | 0.818 | 1.16 | 0.68 | 1.98 | 0.588 | |
| Small (11–50 employees) | 1.08 | 0.65 | 1.79 | 0.775 | 1.11 | 0.76 | 1.64 | 0.585 | |
| Very small (1–10 employees) | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Work overnight | 0 nights | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1–10 nights | 1.10 | 0.69 | 1.76 | 0.682 | 1.06 | 0.73 | 1.54 | 0.750 | |
| 11–50 nights | 1.24 | 0.71 | 2.17 | 0.454 | 1.30 | 0.87 | 1.94 | 0.196 | |
| More than 50 nights | 0.80 | 0.41 | 1.59 | 0.524 | 1.01 | 0.62 | 1.63 | 0.977 | |
| χ2 = 223.28, p < 0.001, | F = 4.50, p < 0.001, | ||||||||
| Nagelkerke's R2 = 35.6% | Pooled Nagelkerke's R = 29.5% | ||||||||
Results in bold indicate significant (p <0.05); “1” = reference category.