Fig. 2.

Differences in size and structure of four classic supergenes. (A) The social supergene of Solenopsis invicta. The Sb haplotype harbors at least three large inversions relative to the SB haplotype and is longer than the SB haplotype due to repeat expansion (length of SB and Sb haplotypes not drawn to scale here). (B) The female-limited mimicry supergene of Papilio polytes. The mimetic haplotype (H) harbors an approximately 130-kb inversion that flanks the gene dsx relative to the non-mimetic haplotype (h). (C) The Heliconius numata P supergene. The haplotype with the ancestral arrangement (Hn0) differs from the derived and more dominant haplotypes (Hn1 and Hn123) with respect to a 400-kb inversion (P₁) introduced by introgression from Heliconius pardalinus. Haplotype Hn123 harbors two additional derived inversions (P₂ and P₃) relative to both Hn0 and Hn1. (D) The Primula vulgaris S-locus contains a 278-kb region present only on the dominant S-haplotype and not on the recessive s-haplotype.