Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with T2DM and non-diabetic controls.
| Variables | Non-DM | DM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (N = 23) | Osteopenia (N = 78) | Osteoporosis (N = 117) | P-value | Normal (N = 67) | Osteopenia (N = 118) | Osteoporosis (N = 59) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 56.44 ± 15.86 | 64.94 ± 12.48 | 69.98 ± 12.16 | P <0.001 | 55.00 ± 13.46 | 59.29 ± 11.14 | 65.73 ± 10.08 | P <0.001 |
| Gender (Male, %) | 9 (39.1%) | 21 (26.9%) | 17 (14.5%) | P = 0.011 | 37 (55.2%) | 71 (60.2%) | 21 (35.6%) | P = 0.008 |
| Postmenopausal (%) | 9 (39.1%) | 51 (65.4%) | 98 (83.8%) | P <0.001 | 22 (32.8%) | 44 (37.3%) | 37 (62.7%) | P = 0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 2 (8.7%) | 4 (5.1%) | 9 (7.7%) | P = 0.736 | 17 (25.4%) | 29 (24.6%) | 7 (11.9%) | P = 0.101 |
| Current drinking (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.6%) | 5 (4.3%) | P = 0.745 | 9 (13.4%) | 16 (13.6%) | 1 (1.7%) | P = 0.038 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.34 ± 5.22 | 23.81 ± 3.36 | 22.54 ± 3.79 | P <0.001 | 27.22 ± 4.23 | 25.26 ± 3.49 | 23.11 ± 2.99 | P <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.93 (4.61–5.35) | 5.07 (4.72–5.54) | 4.95 (4.71–5.39) | P = 0.361 | 9.39 (7.10–11.40) | 9.39 (7.47–12.29) | 9.43 (7.86–12.52) | P = 0.448 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.71 ± 0.31 | 5.77 ± 0.34 | 5.74 ± 0.36 | P = 0.680 | 10.27 ± 2.54 | 10.78 ± 2.47 | 11.58 ± 2.10 | P = 0.010 |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.20 ± 0.11 | 2.21 ± 0.11 | 2.23 ± 0.14 | P = 0.491 | 2.22 ± 0.10 | 2.21 ± 0.11 | 2.23 ± 0.14 | P = 0.454 |
| Correlated Ca (mmol/L) | 2.22 (2.14–2.28) | 2.23 (2.17–2.28) | 2.25 (2.21–2.31) | P = 0.034 | 2.23 (2.17–2.28) | 2.22 (2.18–2.28) | 2.25 (2.20–2.30) | P = 0.125 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.22 | 1.19 ± 0.17 | 1.23 ± 0.18 | P = 0.355 | 1.24 ± 0.16 | 1.21 ± 0.20 | 1.21 ± 0.23 | P = 0.561 |
| PTH (pg/ml) | 46.34 (39.2–60.11) | 44.75 (32.85–57.11) | 45.3 (36.41–56.51) | P = 0.583 | 39.00 (31.78–49.14) | 39.00 (32.47–48.44) | 39.00 (29.40–48.87) | P = 0.574 |
| 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 41.46 (22.87–55.63) | 38.9 (28.65–45.27) | 37.91 (27.58–48.67) | P = 0.591 | 33.73 (25.43–42.78) | 31.68 (24.82–43.62) | 30.20 (23.67–39.24) | P = 0.239 |
| P1NP (ng/mL) | 41.00 (27.10–48.10) | 45.55 (33.53–61.43) | 55.40 (40.30–68.12) | P = 0.002 | 38.20 (32.50–49.41) | 38.20 (30.54–47.22) | 38.20 (33.40–56.10) | P = 0.269 |
| CTX (ng/mL) | 0.36 (0.25–0.56) | 0.45 (0.23–0.58) | 0.49 (0.29–0.69) | P = 0.072 | 0.38 (0.24–0.55) | 0.38 (0.27–0.47) | 0.44 (0.32–0.71) | P = 0.056 |
| BALP (μg/L) | 11.80 (9.40–15.10) | 14.73 (11.13–20.15) | 15.40 (12.65–20.10) | P = 0.009 | 18.10 (13.50–20.20) | 18.30 (15.35–22.13) | 18.30 (15.70–26.20) | P = 0.083 |
| TRACP-5b (U/L) | 1.82 ± 0.52 | 2.26 ± 0.72 | 2.28 ± 0.73 | P = 0.015 | 2.18 ± 0.61 | 2.32 ± 0.59 | 2.57 ± 0.74 | P = 0.003 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 15.26 (11.84–19.68) | 19.20 (14.55–22.93) | 21.68 (15.68–29.27) | P <0.001 | 12.83 (11.01–15.44) | 12.83 (10.08–14.85) | 15.19 (12.71–19.57) | P = 0.001 |
*P < 0.05. Values are shown as median (p25–p75), means ± SD or number (percentage).